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_____ release the torsional stress in DNA coils. |
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_____ is a chemotherapeutic agent by acting against topoitomerases. |
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The genome of retroviruses consists of DNA/RNA. |
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Protein coding (mRNA), Noncoding (tRNA, rRNA, sRNA) |
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_____ does not require a primer for copying DNA to RNA. |
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Transcription of genes is tightly controlled by specific proteins called ____. |
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Translation begins with ____, the initiation codon and ends with ____, ___, or ____, the stop codons. |
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How cells acquire, transform, store, and use energy, as well as how they synthesize biomolecules. |
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____ can be anaerobic or aerobic and leads to the degradation of biomolecules. |
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____ is the use of ATP for synthesis of biomolecules, transport across membranes, electrical work, and mechanical work. |
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Types of metabolic reactions |
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Redox, group transfer, hydrolysis, nonhydrolytic cleavange, phosphorolysis, isomerization, covalent bond formation |
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Energy that is irreversibly lost |
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Qirreversible/T is about chaos and randomness (S, entropy) something that we cannot control |
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The products have less energy than the reactants. |
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When is a reaction favorable, in terms of dG? |
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Which are higher in energy? Phosphate donors or acceptors? |
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___ is the major pathway for breaking down glucose for energy production. |
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The inner/outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to small molecules. |
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The ______ complex bridges glycolysis to the TCA cylce |
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