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Quiz 11.12.08
N/A
24
Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
11/11/2008

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Term
_____ release the torsional stress in DNA coils.
Definition
topoisomerases
Term
_____ is a chemotherapeutic agent by acting against topoitomerases.
Definition
TS
Term
The genome of retroviruses consists of DNA/RNA.
Definition
RNA
Term
_____ copies RNA to DNA.
Definition
Reverse transcriptase
Term
Types of RNA genes
Definition
Protein coding (mRNA), Noncoding (tRNA, rRNA, sRNA)
Term
_____ does not require a primer for copying DNA to RNA.
Definition
RNA polymerase
Term
Transcription of genes is tightly controlled by specific proteins called ____.
Definition
Transcription factors
Term
Ribosome components
Definition
proteins and RNA
Term
Translation begins with ____, the initiation codon and ends with ____, ___, or ____, the stop codons.
Definition
AUG .... UAA, UAG, UGA
Term
How cells acquire, transform, store, and use energy, as well as how they synthesize biomolecules.
Definition
Metabolism
Term
____ can be anaerobic or aerobic and leads to the degradation of biomolecules.
Definition
Catabolism
Term
____ is the use of ATP for synthesis of biomolecules, transport across membranes, electrical work, and mechanical work.
Definition
Anabolism
Term
Types of metabolic reactions
Definition
Redox, group transfer, hydrolysis, nonhydrolytic cleavange, phosphorolysis, isomerization, covalent bond formation
Term
1st law of thermo
Definition
conservation of energy
Term
Energy = ____ + ____
Definition
work + heat
Term
Energy that is irreversibly lost
Definition
Qirreversible
Term
2nd law of thermo
Definition
Qirreversible/T is about chaos and randomness (S, entropy) something that we cannot control
Term
H (enthalpy) = ___
Definition
H = G (work) + TS
Term
If dG < 0, then?
Definition
The products have less energy than the reactants.
Term
When is a reaction favorable, in terms of dG?
Definition
When dG is less than 0.
Term
Which are higher in energy? Phosphate donors or acceptors?
Definition
Phosphate donors
Term
___ is the major pathway for breaking down glucose for energy production.
Definition
Glycolysis
Term
The inner/outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to small molecules.
Definition
Outer
Term
The ______ complex bridges glycolysis to the TCA cylce
Definition
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
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