Term
| Where did the initial stimulus for the American Revolution develop? |
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Definition
| The initial stimulus for rebellion came from the gentry, the wealthy, who resented Parliament's efforts to curtail their rights within the British empire, but it generated momentum and they could no longer control it. |
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Term
| What motivated ordinary people to risk their lives? |
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Definition
| The concept of liberty and where it not for common American soldiers, independence would not have been obtained. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loosely associated group of aristocrats that had set policy and controlled patronage, before the British government stepped in. |
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Term
| Who drove a wedge between the colonies and the British government? |
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Definition
| The member of Parliament who drafted the statutes that caused rebellion within the colonies and they failed to deal with constitutional issue. |
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Term
| What is parliamentary sovereignty? |
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Definition
| The doctrine that Parliament had absolute legislative power that superseded that of the colonial assemblies. |
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Term
| What did Parliament claim to represent? |
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Definition
| That members of Parliament represented the political interest of everyone who lived within the British empire, including the colonists. They rebutted by stating that the only representation that Americans recognized as legitimate were the ones they elected. |
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Term
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Definition
| People who sided with the king and Parliament during the Revolution. |
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Term
| What were John Locke's principles? |
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Definition
1. Life, liberty, and property.
2. The fondation of civil government is having the consent of the people who were governed. |
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Term
| What were the repercussion of the Seven Years' War for Britain? |
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Definition
| Left Britain with a great national debt and they had to find ways to balance the budget: raise taxes and cut spending on military. |
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Term
| What did George Greenville conclude? |
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Definition
| That the colonists would have to contribute to the maintenance of the army and to generate revenue to help balance the budget. |
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Term
| What was the Stamp Act Congress? |
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Definition
Delegates from various colonies drafted petitions for the King that stated the colonist' belief of no taxation without representation.
The Stamp Act eroded the colonists' respect for imperial officeholders and loyalty to the crown. |
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Term
| What role did the Sons of Liberty play in the rebellion? |
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Definition
| The sons of Liberty persuaded colonial merchants to boycott British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed, reducing the flow of British commerce. |
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Term
| The Stamp Act was repealed, how did the British government do in reaction to that? |
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Definition
| Established the Declaratory Act, which stated Britain's supremacy over America. |
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Term
| What were the Townshend Revenue Acts and the Quartering Acts? |
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Definition
TRA: established to free imperial officers from dependence on the colonial assemblies. Placed duties on American imports of paper, glass, lead, and tea.
QA: required colonists to house soldiers and provide them with food and clothing. |
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Term
| What are committees of correspondence? |
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Definition
| Created by Samuel Adams to communicate grievances to villagers across MA. |
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Term
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Definition
The Tea Act was established in attempt to save the East Indian Company from bankruptcy. Forced colonists to buy from the company, raising prices.
Led to the Boston Tea Party, men disguised as Indians and dumped tea into the harbor. Which led to the Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts:
1. Closed the port of Boston until the colony compensated the Company.
2. Appointed assembly instead of an elected one
3. Reinforcement of the quartering acts |
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Term
| What was the result of the First Continental Congress? |
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Definition
Convened in Philadelphia to discuss the perilous situation that the colonists found themselves in.
-The Suffolk Resolves: encouraged forcible resistance to the Intolerable Acts.
-Created the Association, an intercolonial agreement to halt commerce with Britain until the repeal of the Intolerable Acts. |
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Term
| What was the result of the Second Continental Congress? |
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Definition
The formation of the Continental Army, with George W. as the leader.
-Still refused to declare independence, prior to the Prohibitory Acts which declared war against American commerce by not allowing them to trade with the rest of the world until they pardoned.
-July 2, 1776: Declared Independence |
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Term
| What were some neutralizers of Britain's advantages? |
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Definition
1. They believed a mere show of force would intimidate the colonists.
2. The British had to transport men and supplies among the Atlantic.
3. America was too vast to be conquered.
4. Undermined America's depth of commitment to a political ideology. |
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Term
| Why did the pardoning of Americans failed? |
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Definition
| Howe noticed that few Americans actually supported independence and granted pardon to hose who would swear allegiance to the King, but soldiers and officers treated them as inferior. |
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Term
| What battle made the French ally themselves with the colonists? |
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Definition
| The Battle of Saratoga. The French supported the colonists through military aid, recognized the independence of the US, established commercial relations with US (treaty of amity and commerce) and surrendered all land east of the Missy river (the treaty of alliance). |
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