Term
| What caused English settlements to differ? |
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Definition
| English settlements varied substantially as each region responded to different environmental conditions and developed traditions. Regional differences undermined the idea of a unified English empire in America which caused Parliament to establish uniform rules, this led to colonial rebellion. |
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Term
| What role did families pay in the colonies? |
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Definition
| Families were the source of societal and cultural identities. For the New England colonies, the transfer of customs and ways of life was easier for New Englanders than Puritan migrants because they came to America as nuclear families --> balanced sex-ratio, purer water, cooler climate, and dispersed population promoted good health. |
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Term
| What was the importance of the colonies for England? |
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Definition
| The colonies produced needed raw materials and manufactured goods for England. |
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Term
| What were the requirements to for a high standing man in New England? |
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Definition
Being wealthy and educated was not enough to be part of the elite class, a man must also be part of the Congregational church.
Elite class
Yeomen - independent farmers
Indentured servants |
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Term
| What were some of the challenges of the Chesapeake region? |
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Definition
Environmental conditions, labor systems, agrarian economies, and high mortality rate tore the fabric of traditional family life.
-Settlers did not move in family units, most were single, young, white males. |
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Term
| What was the structure of Chesapeake's planter society? |
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Definition
| The more workers --> the larger harvests --> the more money. Planters relied on indentured servants and slaves. The sluggish development in social institutions resulted from the high infant mortality rate. After the 1680s, when life expectancy rose, a hierarchy was established. |
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Term
| How did the slave societies differ in South Carolina and Georgia from Virginia, New England, and the Middle Colonies? |
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Definition
The size of slave population determined how successfully blacks could maintain separate culture identity.
SC and Georgia: Slaves were such a large part of the population that they were isolated on plantations. This led to the enduring kinship networks that held mitigate the dehumanization of bondage.
Virginia, NE, and MC: Much smaller percentage of slaves, which led to the closer contact between blacks and whites, making it difficult to retain a separate cultures --> African Americans. |
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Term
| How did English colonization differ from the French or Spanish colonization? |
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Definition
| Colonies were created by private companies for profit or religious sanctuary, WITHOUT financial or military assistance from the crown. |
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Term
| What strategy did England implement to protect its own markets? |
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Definition
Mercantilism was implemented to discourage trading with other European powers.
* One nation's commercial success translated directly into a loss for its rivals.
* Balance of trade: increasing exports while decreasing imports. |
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Term
| What acts were established to regulate trade? |
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Definition
1. Navigation Act (1660) stated that no ship could trade in the colonies unless it had been constructed in either England or colonial port and must carry a crew of 75% English. As well as, stating that all enumerated goods that were not produced in England could be transported from the colonies only to England, forcing European rivals to buy them from England.
2. Staple Act (2nd Navigation Act) stated that nothing could be imported into the colonies unless it had first been transshipped through England.
--> colonists began to smuggle trades to England's rivals resulting in...
3. Navigation Act of 1673 stated that an English custom duty would be collected on enumerated goods at various checking points.
4. Navigation Act of 1696, tightened enforcement procedures that pressured colonies to not trade with England's rivals.
These acts created an illusion of unity among colonies. |
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Term
| How did England's Glorious Revolution effect the colonies? |
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Definition
| James II was dethroned and replaced by Protestant Mary II and William III, who accepted a Bill of Rights in England. This caused the settlers of MA to overthrow Edmund Andros, who had abolished elective assemblies, enforced the Navigation Acts, and collected unapproved taxes. William III established a new charter in MA that caused a conformity to English practices. |
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Term
| What initiated the Salem Witch Trials? |
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Definition
| A group of young girls began to blame their troubles on other women, branding them as witches. Increase Mather shed light on the consequences of accepting spectral evidence (dreams in which the accused appeared as the devil's agent) and killing innocent people. |
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