Term
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Definition
| Is the process by which the crust is deformed along tectonic plates margins. |
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Term
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Definition
Like a rubber band, the rock will
return to nearly its original size when the force is removed. This process is the
same thing that happens for most earthquakes. 2 Kinds of Elastic
Deformation once the elastic limit or strenght of a rock is surpassed. |
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Term
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Definition
when rocks fail as rigid solids. The rocks will break, rather than bend, under these conditions to
produce fractures. |
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Term
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Definition
occurs along discrete planes in the rock
instead of involving the rock body as a
whole. Later, fractures can be places
where material is removed as a result of
rock dissolution, or minerals can grow in
the open fracture spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults. |
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Term
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Definition
when a rock deforms plastically like silly putty. In this case, features in the rock can change
shape without developing visible
fractures, and the whole material is
involved in deformation. It is possible for
grains to move relative to each other or
rotate, or mineral grains can dissolve and
recrystallize. |
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Term
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Definition
| Folds, cleavage, boundinage and shear zones |
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Term
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Definition
theory that explains the movement of Earth's lithosphere (the rigid outer shell
of the Earth) which is broken into several large rigid plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below. |
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Term
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Definition
interact at their boundaries, leading to various forms of deformation, such as earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic
activity. |
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Term
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Definition
the deformation of the lithosphere and
tectonics in the study of this deformation, |
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Term
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Definition
arises from the release and redistribution
of energy from the earth’s interior. There are two
components to this energy: gravity (which depends on
mass) and heat. Both emanate from the Earth’s core |
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Term
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Definition
| where plate meet, and as expected, fricton, sliding and collision happen along the boundary. ___________ are important because they are often associated with earthquakes and volcanoes. |
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Term
| Divergent Boundary, Convergent Boundary and Transform Plate Boundary |
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Definition
| 3 Types of Plate Boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
also called spreading boundaries, occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Along these
boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma
(molten rock) rises from the Earth’s mantle to the surface,
solidifying to create new oceanic crust |
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Term
| divergent plate boundaries |
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Definition
| Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of |
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Term
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Definition
When two plates come together, it is known as a __________ boundary. The impact of the
colliding plates can cause the edges of one or
both plates to buckle up into mountain ranges
or one of the plates may bend down into a
deep seafloor trench |
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Term
| convergent plate boundary |
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Definition
| The Pacific Ring of Fire is an example of a |
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Term
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Definition
Two plates sliding past each other forms a _____ There sliding movements are in opposite directions. This
interaction however, does not destroy nor lead to
the formation of new plates. As one slides past
another, it creates friction that results in quakes.
Two physical features are often visible along
transform boundaries. These are folds and faults |
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Term
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Definition
is the force that pushes rock
particles together. Stress which causes rock to squeeze or
push against other rock. It occurs when rocks are subjected
to squeezing from opposite directions, reducing their
volume or causing them to fold or fracture. This causes
tectonic plates collisions, overburden from overlying rock
layers. |
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Term
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Definition
is the force that pulls rock particles
apart. It stretches rocks and increases the space between
particles, causing the rock to thin or fracture. This causes
divergent tectonic plate boundaries, uplift of erosion
reducing overlying pressure. Rocks under tension lengthen
or break apart. Tension is the major type of stress at
divergent plate boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
occurs when forces are applied parallel to the surface of a rock in opposite directions. It causes deformation by sliding one
part of the rock past another. It is the most common stress at transform plate
boundaries. It causes transform plate boundaries where plates slide
horizontally past one another and localized stress zones near the faults.
Rocks undergo plastic or brittle deformation depending on temperature,
pressure, and rock type |
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Term
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Definition
| Example:The East African Rift Valley is a result of tensional forces |
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Term
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Definition
| Example:Mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas, are formed due to compressional forces |
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