Term
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Definition
| the blueprint of research that lays out the strategy and framework, integrating different phases of the research activities and providing the basic direction.” |
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Term
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Definition
| the general approach of data collection and analysis, and the standards used for interpreting data and reaching conclusions |
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Term
| Primary Data vs. Secondary Data |
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Definition
Primary - originates with study
Secondary - existing data collected for some other purpose |
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Term
| Experimental vs. Quasi-experimental |
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Definition
Experimental - uses randomization to place subjects into intervention and control groups
Quasi - does not use randomization to place subjects |
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Term
| Longitudinal vs. Cross sectional |
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Definition
TIMING OF DATA COLLECTION
Longitudinal – using data collected at two or more points in time
Cross-sectional – data collected at one point in time |
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Term
| Exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory |
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Definition
PURPOSE OF STUDY
Exploratory – gain initial insight into the topic
Descriptive – provide more detailed account of the major characteristics of the subject
Explanatory (causal) – test hypotheses and examine relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| If the study outcome is caused by the hypothesized independent variables alone, rather that any extraneous variables (confounders) |
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Definition
| Related to the generalizability of the experimental results |
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Term
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Definition
*Likely resembles the population
*Generalizable to a population of interest
*Each person has an equal probability of being selected for the experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| Each person has an equal probability of being assigned to a treatment or control group |
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Term
| Threats to Internal Validity (pt 1) |
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Definition
History – Results due to other factors in the environment rather than the program itself
Maturation – Results due to mental or physical changes occurring within a person rather than the program itself
Testing – Results due to knowledge gained through a pre-test (e.g. questionnaire) rather than the program itself |
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Term
| Threats to Internal Validity (pt 2) |
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Definition
Instrumentation – Results due to changes in the measuring instrument rather than the program itself
Regression - When a program enrolls people with extreme scores, the change is due to a natural shift toward the mean rather than the program itself |
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Term
| Threats to Internal Validity (pt 3) |
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Definition
Selection - the difference between the program and another group is due to differences in the people in the two groups rather than the program itself
Attrition - the difference between the program and another group results from the loss of people from either or both groups rather than the program itself |
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Term
| Threats to External Validity (pt 1) |
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Definition
Interaction effects of testing—when a pretest increases or decreases the subjects’ sensitivity or responsiveness to the experimental variable, thus making the results unrepresentative of the population
Interaction between selection bias and the intervention– involves the selection of subjects who are not representative of the population and may respond better or worse that the general population to the intervention. |
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Term
| Threats to External Validity (pt 2) |
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Definition
Reactive effects of the experimental arrangements – refers to control group subjects getting exposed to part of the experimental intervention, thus limiting the generalizability of the true experimental effect
Multiple-treatment interference– occurs when multiple treatments are applied to the same subjects, largely because the effects of prior treatments are not usually erasable |
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