Explain the diagnostic pattern for a PT with an ALOC.

What are the 5 causes?

• Poor Perfusion
• Shock
• Lack of O2
• Metabolic Disorder
• Cerebral Disorder

A = Alert

V = Response to Voice

P = Response to Pain

U = Unresponsive / Unconscious

• P = Provocation / Palpation (what makes it better or worse)
• Q = Quality (sharp, dull, crushing, etc. Type of pain – describe)
• R = Radiation (does the pain go anywhere)
• S = Severity (0 – 10)
• T = Time (when did pain commence, how long have you had it)

• C = Conscious level
• A = Appearance
• P = Pulse Rate
• E = Effort required to breath
• R = Rhythm
• R = Rate
• S = Skin
• S = Sounds (Auscultation)
• S = Speech

• Check there is air entry into lungs.
• Lung sounds are the same L & R.
• Lung sounds are normal.
• If there are any abnormal sounds i.e.:

          Fine Crackles

• Ability of the CVS to provide the body tissues with an adequate blood supply to meet metabolic needs and remove waste.

• Level of consciousness.
• Pupillary activity
• Motor function
• Sensory function
• Vital signs

What does a Pulse Oximeter measure?

What is normal SPO2?

What is regarded as critical SPO2 for people without chronic disease?

What are 6 things that make Pulse Oximetry inaccurate?

• Ambient light interference
• Venous pulsations
• Motion
• Poor distal perfusion
• Dirt or nail polish
• Smoke inhalation

What are the 4 indicators for pulse Oximetry?

• Dyspnoea
• Cyanosis
• Unconsciousness
• ALOC

Explain the 3 components of the Rapid Discontinuation Criteria?

• Complete absence of any life signs (including no respiratory effort), and;
• Flat line asystole on ECG (in at least 2 leads), and;
• Hx of at least 10 minutes pulseless & unresponsive with no CPR.

Resuscitation may also be discontinued rapidly if there are no life signs and good evidence indicating a terminal illness. Explain?

1.  
   • Dr letter indicating pt is terminal.
   • You must confirm currency & validity of the letter in relation to the pt current condition.
   • Complete absence of any life signs (including no respiratory effort), and;
   • Flat line asystole on ECG (in at least 2 leads), and;
   • Hx of at least 10 minutes pulseless & unresponsive with no CPR.

What are the 4 cases in which it is appropriate to continue resuscitation until definitive care?

• Child
• Immersions
• Overdoses
• Hypothermia

Explain General Discontinuation Criteria?

• Inability to restore any signs of life after 15 min CPR.
• Absent pulses, heart sounds, respiratory effort, and;
• Asystole in at least 2 leads of ECG or a broad complex Bradycardia with rate less than 10bpm.

When would you monitor a pt through defibrillation electrodes?

• All pt in cardiac arrest presenting as pulseless should be monitored through defibrillation electrodes in anticipation of defibrillation.

Which pt should be monitored?

1.  
   • All unconscious / collapse patients.
   • Chest pain / dyspnoea.
   • Poisoning.
   • Abnormal / altered vital signs.
   • Poor perfusion / shock / hypoxic.
   • M.O. request.

What are the 4 cautions for defibrillation?

• No contact.
• No movement.
• Non-conductive.
• Non-explosive.

Officers trained only in semi-automatic defibrillation must consult with a M.O. for?

• All paediatric defibrillation.
• Prior to switching to manual mode.
• To defibrillate outside QAS protocol.

What are the pre-set joule settings for the Lifepak 12 for adults?

• 200
• 300
• 360

What is the base line protocol for the Heartstart 4000?

• 150
• 150
• 150

Explain the pH scale?

• The pH scale is based on the number of Hydrogen ions in solution.

• The concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) and the corresponding Hydroxyl ion concentration [OH -].

• In a pH of 7, the concentrations of both Hydrogen & Hydroxyl are equal and the solution is neutral.

• A solution with a pH below 7 is acidic & a pH above 7 is alkaline.

What is a hypertonic solution?

What is a hypotonic solution?

What are the major glands of the Endocrine System?

Explain IPPV

• Intermittent positive pressure breathing
• To provide ventilatory support to pt experiencing depressed respiratory function or apnoeic to ensure adequate respiratory volume.

Explain IPPB

• Intermittent positive pressure breathing.
• Assist ventilations during the inspiritory phase of pt’s who are hypoventilating to assist them to breathe more deeply.
• Indicated in APO, COAD, and Drug Overdose.

Time / Transport criticality

The Turks Saddle (sphenoid bone)

Oxyrocin.

Uterine (fallopian)

Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra.