Term
antipsychotics
TYPICAL agents
LOW potency |
|
Definition
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) (25 - 800mg/d)
Thioridazine (Mellarile) (150 - 800 mg/d)
Mesoridazine (Serentil°) (100 - 400 mg/d) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low doses
single digits/double |
|
|
Term
antipsychotics
TYPICAL agents
LOW potency
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
• Sedation
• Anticholinergic - (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, confusion)
• Hypotension
• Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)- (less than high potency agents) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Dystonia
Pseudoparkinsonism
Akathisia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laryngospasm, torticollis, oculogyric crisis, opisthotonus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tremor at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural changes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| inner feeling of restlessness |
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Term
|
Definition
| anticholinergic medications such as benztropine (Cogentin), trihexyphenidyl (Artane), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), amantadine (Symmetrel) |
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Term
antipsychotics
TYPICAL agents
HIGH potency |
|
Definition
Haloperidol (HALDOL®) (1 - 30 mg/d)
Fluphenazine (PROLIXIN®) (0.5 - 40 mg/d)
LOXAPINE (Loxitane) (20 - 250 mg/d)
Molindone (Moban) (50 - 225 mg/d)
Perphenazine (Trilafon®) (8 - 64 mg/d)
Thiothixene (Navane®) (2 - 30 mg/d)
Trifluoperazine (Stelazineo) (1 - 40 mg/d)
Pimozide (Orap®) (1-10mg/d) |
|
|
Term
antipsychotics
TYPICAL agents
HIGH potency
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
• EPS (More than low potency)
• Anticholinergic SE (less than low potency agents)
• Sedation (less than low potency agents)
▪ CARDIOVASCULAR DEATHS WHEN USED IN DEMENTIA |
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Term
antipsychotics
ATYPICAL agents
theory |
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Definition
| Action is based on theory that hyperactive dopamine (DA) in mesolimbic/mesocortical area causes Positive Symptoms; lack of DA function in the prefrontal cortexes causes Negative Symptoms |
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Term
antipsychotics
ATYPICAL agents
Reserved for treatment-refractory patients or patients who cannot tolerate other antipsychotic medications. |
|
Definition
| Clozapine (Clozaril®) (6.25 - 900 mg/d) |
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Term
antipsychotics
ATYPICAL agents |
|
Definition
Risperidone (Risperdala) (2 - 6 mg/d)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa) (5 - 20 mg/d)
Quetiapine (Seroquel) (150 - 600 mg/d)
Ziprasidone (Geodone) (40 - 160 mg/d)
Paliperidone (Invega®)(3-12mg/d)
Invega Sustenna® (39 mg/month IM) Metabolite of risperidone
Asenapine (Saphris®)(10-20 mg/d) |
|
|
Term
give with food, 40% more absorbed
only one without weight gain |
|
Definition
| Ziprasidone (Geodone) (40 - 160 mg/d) |
|
|
Term
antipsychotics
ATYPICAL agents
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
• Orthostatic hypotension
• Effective for both positive and negative symptoms
• Lower incidence of EPS
• Sedation
• Weight gain (except with ziprasidone)
▪ New onset diabetes mellitis type II (especially with olanzapine)
▪ QT wave prolongation especially with Ziprasidone
CARDIOVASCULAR DEATHS WHEN USED IN DEMENTIA BBW |
|
|
Term
antipsychotics
ATYPICAL agents
SIDE EFFECTS
lower incidence of EPS but higher with...
particularly akathisia with... |
|
Definition
resperidone (risperdal) and asenapine (saphris)
asenapine (saphris) |
|
|
Term
antipsychotics
ATYPICAL agents
SIDE EFFECTS
weight gain especially with
new onset type 2 DM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
antipsychotics
ATYPICAL agents
SIDE EFFECTS
QT wave prolongation especially with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aripipazole (Abilify) (15-30 mg/d.) |
|
Definition
| Flat dose response relationship, 30mg is not better than 15mg/d) Dopamine-Serotonin System Stabilizer |
|
|
Term
Aripipazole (Abilify) (15-30 mg/d.)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
| Some (nausea, vomiting, sedation, dizziness). Minimal weight gain, minimal cardiovascular side effects, food does not affect absorption. |
|
|
Term
| Generalized anxiety disorder (signs and symptoms): |
|
Definition
| Excessive worry, Fatigability, Impaired concentration, Chronic anxiety, Insomnia, Irritability, Muscle tension, and Restlessness |
|
|
Term
| medications for anxiety and sleep |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when depression and anxiety occur together, the treatment of choice is.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alprazolam- Xanax® (0.25 – 4 mg/d)
Halezepam - Paxipam® (60 –160 mg/d)
Chlordiazepoxide - Librium®(50 -300 mg/d) Lorazepam- Ativan® (1 -10 mg/d)
Clonazepam- Klonopin® (0.25 - 4 mg/d) Oxazepam- Serax® (30 - 120 mg/d)
Clorazepate- Tranxene® (15 - 60 mg/d)
Prazepam- Centrax® (10 - 60 mg/d)
Diazepam- Valium® (15 - 40 mg/d) Temazepam- Restoril® (15 - 30 mg/d)
Estazolam- Prosom® (1 - 2 mg/d)
Triazolam- Halcion® (0.125 - 0.5 mg/d)
Flurazepam- Dalmane® (15 - 30 mg/d)
Quazepam - Doral® (7.5 - 30 mg/d) |
|
|
Term
Benzodiazepines (BZD)
uses: |
|
Definition
| Anti-anxiety, relieve insomnia, anti-convulsant, muscle relaxant |
|
|
Term
Benzodiazepines (BZD)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
• Sedation
• Mental confusion, anterograde amnesia
• Ataxia, risk of falls in the elderly |
|
|
Term
Benzodiazepines (BZD)
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS |
|
Definition
Anxiety, insomnia, seizure, muscle tension
IMPORTANT TO TAPER DOSE BY NO MORE THAN 25% PER WEEK TO PREVENT WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS |
|
|
Term
NUMBER ONE REASON FOR PATIENTS TO STOP MEDS
(side effect) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benadryl and amantadine but nothing works REALLY well, best to try a different antipsychotic med |
|
|
Term
Clozapine (Clozaril®) (6.25 - 900 mg/d)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Anticholinergic
Hypersalivation
Seizures
AGRANULOCYTOSIS (requires blood tests every week at first, then every two weeks)
Weight gain |
|
|
Term
antipsychotics
ATYPICAL agents
newest atypicals |
|
Definition
Asenapine (Saphris®) (5 – 4mg/d)
Lurasidone (Latuda®) (40-80 mg/d) once/d
Iliperidone (Fanapt®) |
|
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Term
| Asenapine (Saphris®) (5 – 4mg/d) |
|
Definition
Binds to DA, 5HT, NE and H
Binds to 5HT2A receptors more than D2 |
|
|
Term
| Lurasidone (Latuda®) (40-80 mg/d) once/d |
|
Definition
Antagonizes DA, 5HT2A, 5HT7 most antagonistic, α2C
Agonist at 5HT1A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antagonizes DA, 5HT2, Alpha 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
highly addictive
they mask and don't correct anxiety problems
great for pretest or surgical anxiety not good for regular use
have muscle relax quality |
|
|
Term
Buspirone- Buspar (10 - 60 mg/d)
indication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ATYPICAL anxiolytic
Buspirone- Buspar (10 - 60 mg/d)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Headache, dizziness, nausea
• No physical dependence or withdrawal
• Good choice for patients with history of alcohol or substance abuse since has lower abuse potential
• Takes 2-3 weeks to see full therapeutic effect
• Need maintenance dose, cannot take as needed |
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Term
Zolpidem- Ambien (10 mg/d)
Zaleplon- Sonata® (10 mg/d)
Indication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Zolpidem- Ambien (10 mg/d)
Zaleplon- Sonata® (10 mg/d)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Headache, drowsiness, dizziness
• Duration of therapy should be limited to 7-10 days
Dose needs to be taken immediately before bedtime because of quick onset of action
• Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants |
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Term
Chloral Hydrate- Noctec® (500 - 2000 mg/d)
indication
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
insomnia
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, residual sedation • Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants |
|
|
Term
Diphenhydramine- Benadryl, Sominex, Nytol (25 - 100 mg/d) Doxylamine- Unisom (25 - 100 mg/d)
indication
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
pruritus, insomnia
Anticholinergic (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, confusion) |
|
|
Term
Chloral Hydrate- Noctec® (500 - 2000 mg/d)
notes |
|
Definition
oldest sleeping med
rebound agitation
only one that comes in a liquid |
|
|
Term
Buspirone- Buspar (10 - 60 mg/d)
notes |
|
Definition
good for anxiety not good antidepressant
use benzos for a week or so while this stabilizes
NOT PRN - does not have immediate onset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take so long to wash out of system - don't see withdrawal effects for a week or so - seizures 10 days later |
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Term
Antidepressants
Possible Indications for these Medications: |
|
Definition
| Depression, Eating disorders, Chronic pain, Panic disorders, Enuresis, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD), Post Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD), Paraphilias, Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) |
|
|
Term
Antidepressants
Therapeutic effects
MOOD |
|
Definition
| Reduce sadness, irritability and anhedonia |
|
|
Term
Antidepressants
Therapeutic effects
THOUGHTS |
|
Definition
| Reduce hopelessness, pessimism, guilt, and suicidal thoughts, improve concentration and memory |
|
|
Term
Antidepressants
Therapeutic effects
BEHAVIOR |
|
Definition
| Improve diminished libido; reduce somatic complaints; improve energy and appetite |
|
|
Term
Antidepressants
Therapeutic effects
SLEEP |
|
Definition
| Improve sleep disturbances (insomnia, early morning awakening, hypersomnia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All antidepressants may take as long as six weeks to have a therapeutic effect and may take longer for maximum benefit. |
|
|
Term
Antidepressants
Duration of Treatment |
|
Definition
| For first episode pt. should take 6 – 9 months, second episode should take 1-2 years, if more episodes take indefinitely |
|
|
Term
Antidepressants
classifications |
|
Definition
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
Selective Norepinephrine & Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SNESRI) |
|
|
Term
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
drugs |
|
Definition
Phenelzine - Nardil® (7.5 - 90 mg/d)
Tranylcypromine- Parnate® (10 - 60 mg/d)
Selegiline (Ensam®) (6-12 mg Transdermal patch) (does not seem to affect tyramine sensativity) |
|
|
Term
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
| Dizziness, restlessness, insomnia, dry mouth, weight gain, sexual dysfunction |
|
|
Term
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
interactions |
|
Definition
Drug interactions:
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) - hypertensive crisis
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) - Serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, mental status changes, autonomic instability, altered muscle tone, diarrhea)
Food interactions: Cheese, wine, preserved food |
|
|
Term
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
drugs |
|
Definition
Amitriptyline- Elavil® (25 -300 mg/d Imipramine- Tofranil® (10 - 300 mg/d)
Amoxapine- Asendin® (25 - 600 mg/d) Maprotiline- Ludiomil® (25 - 225 mg/d)
Clomipramine- Anafranil® (25 - 250 mg/d) Nortriptyline- Pamelor® (50 - 150 mg/d
Desipramine- Norpramin® (10 - 300 mg/d)) Protriptyline-) Vivactil® (5 - 60 mg/d)
Doxepin- Sinequan® (10 - 300 mg/d) Trimipramine- Surmontil® (25 -200 mg/d) |
|
|
Term
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Anticholinergic (dry mouth, dry eyes, blurry vision, constipation, hallucinations, memory impairment)
Sedation
Orthostatic hypotension
Weight gain
Arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
interactions |
|
Definition
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) - hypertensive crisis
CNS Depressants (alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics) - may potentiate TCA's side effects
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) - increase TCA's efficacy & toxicity
Anticholinergics - hyperthermia, increased constipation, dry mouth, etc
Cimetidine - increases TCA levels 4 increased TCA efficacy & side effects |
|
|
Term
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
Imipramine- Tofranil® (10 - 300 mg/d) |
|
Definition
FDA approved for children
good for bed wetting
good for antidepressants |
|
|
Term
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
drugs |
|
Definition
*Citalopram- Celexa® (20 - 60 mg/d)
*Escitalopram (Lexapro®) Isomer of citalopram (10 – 20 mg/d)
Fluoxetine- Prozac® (20 - 80 mg/d), Prozac Weekly ® (90 mg enteric-coated delayed release capsule),
Sarafem (20 - 60 mg/d, for premenstrual dysphoric disorder, PMDD)
Fluvoxamine- Luvox® (50 - 300 mg/d)
Paroxetine- Paxil® (20 -50 mg/d), Paxil CR® (12.5 - 62.5 mg/d) (Paxil CR® is enteric coated)
*Sertraline- Zoloft® (50 -200 mg/d) ( Has the most GI effects)
*most used - easiest to stay on meds |
|
|
Term
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Nausea/vomiting; diarrhea, nervousness (sertraline, fluoxetine); insomnia (sertraline,
fluoxetine); somnolence (paroxetine); constipation (paroxetine); sexual dysfunction |
|
|
Term
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
interactions |
|
Definition
Serotonergic Agents (SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs), trazodone, dextromethorphan, Meperidine, tramadol) > SEROTONIN SYNDROME
(Fluoxetine or paroxetine) + codeine >Renders codeine less effective Fluvoxamine + Clozapine >Increase Clozapine level >Increase risk for seizure
Smoker on fluvoxamine needs higher doses of fluvoxamine
SSRI + St. John's Wort can produce SEROTONIN SYNDROME
Countless drug interactions, need to exercise caution |
|
|
Term
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
notes |
|
Definition
loss of labido, vaginal dryness
need to worry about cigarettes - if sudden stop then need to adjust doses - generally reduces effect so when someone stops = higher dose |
|
|
Term
| SSRI & Serotonin Receptor Agonist |
|
Definition
Vilazodone (Vibryd®)
Side effects Diarrhea, Nausea, Headache
Reported less Sexual side effects than SSRIs
Use with caution in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
Selective Norepinephrine & Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SNESRI)
Have the benefits/side effects of both TCA and SSRI
drugs |
|
Definition
Venlafaxine- Effexor ® , Effexor XR® (75 - 225 mg/d)
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq®) (50-400 mg/d) |
|
|
Term
Selective Norepinephrine & Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SNESRI)
notes |
|
Definition
May be effective at higher doses if patient does not respond to SSRI, (being used as next choice)
Monitor BP because of potential increase in blood pressure (2-5% hypertension) |
|
|
Term
Selective Norepinephrine & Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SNESRI)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Nausea 37%, HA 25%, somnolence 23%, Dry mouth 22%, dizziness 19%, insomnia 18% , Constipation 15%, Sweating 12%, Sexual Dysfunction 12%, Anorexia 11%, weight loss rather than weight gain
In-utero exposure is dangerous avoid in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
Selective Norepinephrine & Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SNESRI)
Duloxetine - Cymbalta® (20 – 60 mg/d) |
|
Definition
Also inhibits dopamine reuptake
Has SSRI plus other side effects:
GI: Nausea 20%, Dry mouth 15%, Constipation 11%
CNS: Insomnia 11%, Dizziness 9%
Increased sweating 6% |
|
|
Term
other antidepressants
Bupropion-Wellbutrin ® Wellbutrin SR ® Zyban® (75 - 450 mg/d) |
|
Definition
NE and DA Reuptake inhibitior (NDRI)
Stimulation, minimal sexual dysfunction, seizures |
|
|
Term
other antidepressants
Mirtazapine- Remeron® ( 15 - 45 mg/d) |
|
Definition
Blocks alpha 1
Sedation, increases appetite, minimal sexual dysfunction |
|
|
Term
other antidepressants
Serotonin Antagonists and Reuptake Inhibitors
Nefazodone- Serzone®(200 –600 mg/d) |
|
Definition
Low doses used for sleep
Minimal sexual dysfunction (Black box warning for hepatotoxicity) |
|
|
Term
other antidepressants
Serotonin Antagonists and Reuptake Inhibitors
Trazodone- Desyrel® ( 150 - 600 mg/d) |
|
Definition
Low doses used for sleep
Minimal sexual dysfunction. (Priapism: 1 out of 1,000 to 10,000 male patients have been reported) |
|
|
Term
other antidepressants
Serotonin Antagonists and Reuptake Inhibitors |
|
Definition
Nefazodone- Serzone®(200 –600 mg/d)
Trazodone- Desyrel® ( 150 - 600 mg/d) |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
notes |
|
Definition
first line but not always the first prescribed
most established efficacy
small therapeutic index
fine tremor with levels going up
gross tremor = run a blood test (don’t wait for diabetes insipidous) |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
SIDE EFFECTS - initial |
|
Definition
GI effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
Fine hand tremor
Polyurea, polydipsia |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
SIDE EFFECTS - long-term |
|
Definition
Leukocytosis
Hypothyroidism
Weight gain
Dermatological (acne, exacerbation of psoriasis)
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus-like syndrome (>3L/day urine output) |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
symptoms of toxicity |
|
Definition
Levels >1.6 mEq/L - coarse hand tremor, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, ataxia, slurred speech, lethargy - hold lithium one day and reevaluate
Levels >2.0 mEq/L - profound CNS depression, arrhythmia, seizures, coma |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
lithium drugs |
|
Definition
Lithium Carbonate (300 - 2,400 mg/d) (Eskalithe) - fast release capsule (Lithotab®) - fast release tablet (Lithobid®), (Eskalith CR®) - sustained release tablet
Lithium Citrate - liquid formulation 5ml = 8mEq lithium (=300mg of Lithium carbonate) |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
Blood level monitoring required |
|
Definition
| Acute stabilization: 0.8 – 1.5 mEq/L, Prophylaxis/maintenance: 0.6 - 1.2 mEq/L |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
Numerous drug interactions |
|
Definition
| e.g. coffee, Advil®, Aleve@, diuretics |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Lithium
response |
|
Definition
Lag time in response
Initial response seen in 5-10 days after therapeutic level is reached
Antipsychotics or benzodiazepines used as temporary relief of symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Valproic acid (Depakene©) Valproic acid syrup (Depakene syrup®) ( Divalproex sodium (Depakote©) - delayed-release tablets, extended-release tablets (250- 1,500 mg/d) |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Depakote
FDA approved as |
|
Definition
| anticonvulsant, for treatment of acute mania, and treatment of migraine |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Depakote
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
• GI distress N/V/D - give with food
• Drowsiness - give at bedtime
• Tremor
• Alopecia - zinc and selenium supplements
• Weight gain
Birth defects/ Poly cystic ovary/ interferes with oral contraceptives Contrindicated in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Carbamazepine (CBZ) (Tegretol©) (200 -1600 mg/d)
FDA approved as |
|
Definition
| an anticonvulsant and for bipolar disorder, |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Carbamazepine (CBZ) (Tegretol©) (200 -1600 mg/d)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Sedation - dose at bedtime, Dizziness
ANTICHOLINERGIC - dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, confusion
RASH 5-15% - early detection important STEVENS JOHNSON
Weight gain
LEUKOPENIA (Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis-rare)
HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION (increased LFTs, cholestatic and hepatocellular jaundice, hepatitis) |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Carbamazepine (CBZ) (Tegretol©) (200 -1600 mg/d)
contraindications |
|
Definition
| Liver disease, congestive heart failure, heart block, benign prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, hypersensitivity to CBZ or tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. imipramine, amitriptyline) |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal®)(600-2400 mg/d divided BID).
SIDE EFFECTS
*reduced by 2/3 from carbamazepine |
|
Definition
Sedation/fatigue
Dizziness
Headache
Nausea/vomiting |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizers
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal®)(600-2400 mg/d divided BID).
drug interactions |
|
Definition
| Inhibit 2C19 (such as diazepam, propranolol, omeprazole) |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizer
Lamotrigine (Lamictal©) (50-500 mg/d) (Max of 200mg/d if with depakote)
indication |
|
Definition
bipolar depression
GOOD EVIDENCE FOR REDUCING DEPTH AND LENGTH OF DEPRESSION AND REDUCING THE NUMBER OF EPISODES
NOT GREAT ON MANIA |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizer
Lamotrigine (Lamictal©) (50-500 mg/d) (Max of 200mg/d if with depakote)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Rash - 10% incidence. (May develop into Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) Higher risk with transiently high plasma concentration during initial weeks of titration, or with high plasma concentration with concomitant valproic acid therapy
Dizziness
Headache
Sedation |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizer
Topiramate (Topamax®) (50 - 400 mg/d)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Sedation
Dizziness
Weight Loss
Acute myopia and secondary angle closure glaucoma which MAY CAUSE BLINDNESS (Postmarketing report: 23 out of 825,000 patients. Typically occurs within the first month of therapy. Symptoms: Decreased visual acuity (blurred vision) and/or ocular pain. If patient develops this syndrome, discontinue topiramate as soon as possible.) |
|
|
Term
| Mood Stabilizer for mania need higher doses than for schizophrenia |
|
Definition
Olanzapine (Zyprexa® ) (15 - 20 mg/d)
MOST ATYPICALS ALSO INDICATED FOR MANIA |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizer
Gabapentin (Neurontin©) (300 - 3,600 mg/d)
indicated for |
|
Definition
| Adjunct therapy for partial seizures, neuropathic pain |
|
|
Term
Mood Stabilizer
Gabapentin (Neurontin©) (300 - 3,600 mg/d)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Sedation and fatigue
Dizziness, ataxia, diplopia
Tremor
Weight gain |
|
|
Term
Anti-Alzheimer's Medication
uses: |
|
Definition
| To slow progression of decline and preserve cognitive function. Do not stop disease process. When medications removed effects of progression of disease cause rapid decline |
|
|
Term
Alzheimer’s Medications
Cholinesterase Inhibitor |
|
Definition
| Act to prevent breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. Delay decline do not prevent or reverse decline by increasing available choline. |
|
|
Term
Alzheimer’s Medications
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
drugs |
|
Definition
Donepezil (Aricept®) 5-10 mg/d (only one approved for mid to late stages)
Galantamine (Reminy®) 8mg-24mg/d
Rivastimine (Exelon®) 3mg-24mg/d
Tacrine (Cognex®) 40 – 160mg/d |
|
|
Term
Alzheimer’s Medications
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Weight loss
Risk for liver damage- Tacrine
Be careful of interactions with NSAIDS |
|
|
Term
Anti-Alzheimer's Medication
class |
|
Definition
| N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
Anti-Alzheimer's Medication
Memantine hydrochloride (Namenda®) 5-20mg/d |
|
Definition
This medication works by blocking the action of a certain natural substance in the brain (glutamate) that is believed to be linked to symptoms of Alzheimer's disease
Effects: improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions |
|
|
Term
Anti-Alzheimer's Medication
Memantine hydrochloride (Namenda®) 5-20mg/d
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
| Constipation, Cough, Dizziness, Headache Disorder, Hypertension |
|
|
Term
ADHD Medications
CNS stimulants |
|
Definition
| Operate to activate the seratonin and dopamine pathways for attention, relaxation, and concentration (If no deficit cause over-activity in other pathways) |
|
|
Term
ADHD Medications
CNS stimulants
drugs |
|
Definition
Methyphenidate (Ritalin®; Concerta®[long acting]) 10-60mg/d
D-Amphetamine (Dexedrine®) 5-40mg/d
D-Lamphetamine (Alderall®) |
|
|
Term
ADHD Medications
Selective Norepinephrine-Reuptake Inhibitor
drug |
|
Definition
| Atomoxetine (Strattera®) 40-100mg/d in persons over 70 kg, 0.5-1.2 mg/kg for smaller persons |
|
|
Term
ADHD Medications
Atomoxetine (Strattera®)
indication |
|
Definition
| Reduces Hyperactivity and inattention |
|
|
Term
ADHD Medications
Atomoxetine (Strattera®)
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Decreased appetite, dizziness, dyspepsia, fatigue, mood swings, nausea, and vomiting
Precautions: Severe liver damage is a rare side effect. Monitor liver enzymes |
|
|
Term
ADHD Medications
CNS stimulants
SIDE EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Nervousness, insomnia, dizziness, headaches, dyskinesias (including tics), anorexia, nausea
If not indicated tolerance and addiction
Contra-indicated in glaucoma |
|
|
Term
ADHD Medications
CNS stimulants
EFFECTS |
|
Definition
| Reduces hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Improves ability to sit still |
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