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| the process of thinking about and making sense of oneself and others |
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| when an initially inaccurate expectation leads to actions that cause the expectation to come true |
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| the judgment that a person's behavior has been caused by an aspect of that person's personality |
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| Correspondence Bias (Fundamental Attribution Error) |
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Definition
| the tendency for observers to overestimate the causal influence of personality factors on behavior and to underestimate the causal role of situational influences |
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Definition
| a mental shortcut used to make a judgment |
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| Representativeness Heuristic |
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Definition
| a mental shortcut people use to classify something as belonging to a certain category to the extent that it is similar to a typical case from that category |
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Definition
| a mental shortcut people use to estimate the likelihood of an event by the ease with which instances of that event come to mind |
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| the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others agree with us |
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| Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic |
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| a mental shortcut through which people begin with a rough estimation as a starting point and then adjust this estimate to take into account unique characteristics of the present situation |
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| Downward Social Comparison |
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Definition
| the process of comparing ourselves with those who are less well off |
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| the process of comparing ourselves with those who are better off |
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| the tendency to take personal credit for our successes and to blame external factors for our failures |
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| theories designed to explain how people determine the causes of behavior |
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Term
| Correspondent Inference Theory |
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Definition
| the theory that proposes that people determine whether a behavior corresponds to an actor's internal disposition by asking whether (1) the behavior was intended, (2) the behavior's consequences were forseeable, (3) the behavior was freely chosen, and (4) the behavior occurred despite countervailing forces |
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Definition
| the theory that proposes that people determine the cause of an actor's behavior by assessing whether other people act in similar ways (consensus), the actor behaves similarly in similar situations (distinctiveness), and the actor behaves similarly across time in the same situation (consistency) |
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| the judgmental rule that states that as the number of possible causes for an event increases, our confidence that any particular cause is the true one should decrease |
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| the judgmental rule that states that if an event occurs despite the presence of strong opposing forces, we should give more weight to those possible causes that lead toward the event |
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| act in a specific way/many acceptable ways to act |
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Term
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Definition
| mental shortcuts used to organize knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects; assumption-filter |
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| mental shortcuts used to make quick judgments to save time and effort. Use information in memory and apply to the situation |
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Definition
The attempt to avoid thinking about something (white bear)
Monitoring: automatic process of searching for evidence that the unwanted thought is about to intrude
Operating: controlled process once the monitoring process is tipped off
With Automatic and Controlled processes happening at the same time, drains mental resources extremely fast
Petrie et al (1998): thought suppression leads to decreased immune system and mental health. By thinking about it, and freeing feelings (talking, writing, etc.) releases anguish and negative effects lessen |
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| the tendency for an individual to blame a poor performance on external rather than internal factors |
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| the tendency for an individual to blame another's poor performance on their internal rather than external factors |
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Definition
| the tendency for an individual to blame another's poor performance on their internal rather than external factors |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for an individual to blame a poor performance on external rather than internal factors |
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