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English punctuation notes
grammar
39
Education
9th Grade
01/21/2014

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Cards

Term
list the conventional uses of a colon
Definition

time- between the hour and minute 10:30

refrences- between the chapter and verse and biblical refrences between the titles and subtitles Whales: Giants of the Sea

salutation of a business letter- use after the salutation of a business letter To Whom This May Concern:

Term
Colons can be used after phrases like _____ and _____
Definition
"following" "not what follows"
Term
colons can be used to mean _____
Definition
"note what follows"
Term
What two parts of speech never precede colons?
Definition
verbs or prepositions
Term
What can follow a colon?
Definition
an appositive, a long formal statement or quotation, an independent caluse that explains or restates the idea of the first independent clause
Term
List when one can use a semi colon (4)
Definition

between independent clauses when there are no connecting words

between two independent clauses that are joined by conjunctive adverbs or transitional expressions

Between independent clauses that already contain commas and are joined by coordinating conjunctions

between items in a series that already contain commas

Term
list conjunctive adverbs
Definition
furthermore, however, meanwhile, moreover, indeed, otherwise, consequently, accordingly, next, also
Term
list transitional expressions
Definition
as a result, for example, in fact, in other words, on the other hand, for instance, in addition, that is
Term
what punctuation follows conjuctive adverbs or transitional expressions in a sentence that has a semi colon.
Definition
a comma
Term
list the coordinating conjunctions
Definition
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Term
what is in an independent clause that is divided with a semicolon and a coordinating conjuction
Definition
a comma
Term
what must be in the items of a series that uses semicolons
Definition
commas
Term
Declarative Sentence
Definition
a statement that is followed by a period
Term
indirect question
Definition
does not use the speaker's exact words and ends in a period
Term
interrogative sentence
Definition
a question which is followed by a question mark
Term
exclamatory sentence
Definition
an exclamation that is followed by an exclamation point
Term
What must be added for the sentence to have an interjection
Definition
comma or exclamation point
Term
Imperative sentence
Definition
a command or request which is followed by either a period or exclamation point
Term
When are social titles abbreviated?
Definition
before the full name or last name
Term
when are civil and military titles abbreviated
Definition
before initials and last name or full name
Term
when are titles and academic degrees abbreviated
Definition
when they follow proper names
Term
acronym
Definition
a word that is formed from the first or first few letters of a series of words written without periods
Term
When is one allowed to use an acronym in formal writing
Definition
after the spelling out the first use of the names of agencies and organizations
Term
What does one spell out of geographical terms in text
Definition
names of states and other political units, every word in an address
Term
When does one not spell out the state in text
Definition
use state abbreviations when ZIP code is included
Term
Do specific year numbers follow or preced A.D.
Definition
follows
Term
Do century names follow or preced A.D.
Definition
precede
Term
Does specific year number follow or precede B.C.
Definition
follow
Term
Does the name of a century follow or precede B.C.
Definition
follow
Term
When does one spell out months and days
Definition
in text when they are alone
Term
When are A.M. and P.M. used in text
Definition
after a specific time
Term
When should A.M. and P.M. not be used for time
Definition
when morning, afternoon, or evening precedes the specific time
Term
When must one spell out units of measurements
Definition
if they stand alone, follow a numeral, or a spelled out number
Term
When should someone not use commas in an items in a series
Definition
when they are joined by and, or, or nor
Term
when there are two or more adjectives prceding a noun are there, where are there commas
Definition
between the adjectives
Term
Does a nonessential appositive or an essential appositive need a comma
Definition
nonessential
Term
Where in an address are there not commas?
Definition

between the month and day

between the house number and street name

between the ZIP code and state abbreviation

Term
list the conventional uses of the comma (4)
Definition

dates

addresses

salutation/ closing of any lettters

abberviations in names- name, abbreviation

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