Term
| What is the pulp? How does it react to injury? |
|
Definition
-connective tissue
-reacts to injury with inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
| Where does inflammation of the pulp begin? Where does it go? |
|
Definition
| inflammation starts in the pulp and travels to the periapical region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no, the anatomy of the tooth does not allow for swelling so the only route swelling xan go is though the canal into the periapical area |
|
|
Term
| What may accessory canals lead to? |
|
Definition
| inflammation on the lateral portion of the root |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary cause of pulpitis? What are some other causes? |
|
Definition
-primary cause are caries-
-other causes:
cracks in crown or root
periodontal pockets
trauma from blows
bruxism, abrasion, erosion
excessive heat |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of pulpitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In reversible pulpitis, what are the symptoms? |
|
Definition
-asymptomatic unless stimulated
-when stimulated, pain is sharp and intense |
|
|
Term
| What is usually the stimulant that causes pain in reversible pulpitis? How long does the pain last? |
|
Definition
-temperature change(cold)
-pain remains for 5-10 mins |
|
|
Term
| Do changes in your body like laying down have an effect on reversible pulpitis? What is the histology of it? |
|
Definition
-body changes have no effect
-mild inflammatory reaction, dilation of blood vessels, edema, stasis |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for reversible pulpitis? |
|
Definition
| protect pulp from further stimulation |
|
|
Term
| What is irreversible pulpitis? |
|
Definition
| pulpal tissues exhibit acute and chronic inflammatory changes |
|
|
Term
| What is the pain like in irreversible pulpitis? |
|
Definition
-less intense than reversible because of granulation tissue replacing pulp
-spontaneous, not the result of temperature
-pain lasts longer(~20 mins)
-pain may be initiated or worsen when person lays down |
|
|
Term
| Is irreversible pulpitis hard to identify? What is the treatment? |
|
Definition
-hard to identify which tooth it is in
-root canal or extraction is the treatment |
|
|
Term
| What causes chronic hyperplastic pulpitis? Who is it seen in? |
|
Definition
-rare condition seen in children's molars
-result of rampant, acute caries |
|
|
Term
| What happens with chronic hyperplastic pulpitis? |
|
Definition
| crown disintegrates before the pulp is overcome by the infection, apical foramen still oen allows for ample blood supply |
|
|
Term
| What does the increased regenerative capacity of children lead to? |
|
Definition
| granulation tissue, often protruding out of the crown |
|
|
Term
| When do periapical lesions occur? |
|
Definition
| once inflammation is established, spread occurs in one direction |
|
|
Term
| What direction does inflammation spread in periapical lesions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the periapical lesions that form depend on? |
|
Definition
-open or closed pulpitis
-virulence of microorganisms
-extent of sclerosis of dentinal tubules
-host immune response |
|
|
Term
| What are some factors of open chronic pulpitis? |
|
Definition
-low virulence bacteria
-older tooth with sclerotic dentin
-healthy patient=mild, chronic symptoms, granulation tissue forms, dense bone |
|
|
Term
| What are some factors of close, acute pulpitis? |
|
Definition
-virulent bacteria
-young tooth with open dentinal tubules
-rapid, intense destruction extending into adjacent marrow spaces |
|
|
Term
| What are some common lesions to follow pulpitis? |
|
Definition
-periapical granuloma(most common)
-periapical cyst
-periapical abcess
-osteomyelitis
-cellulitis(can cause death) |
|
|
Term
| What is a periapical abscess? |
|
Definition
| initial lesion that develops when actue pulpitis extends into adjacent tissue |
|
|
Term
| Is a periapical abscess acute or chronic? |
|
Definition
| can occur in an acute episode or chronic |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of a periapical abscess? |
|
Definition
-great pain, elevated temperature, and malaise
-swelling and redness at the root apex |
|
|
Term
| What do you see radiographically with a periapical abscess? |
|
Definition
-arises quickly
-slight widening of the PDL
-indistinct fuzziness of the trabecular pattern |
|
|
Term
| Pus seeks drainage along the path of BLANK. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a periapical abscess? |
|
Definition
-incise and drain(may need antibiotics)
-if caught late an extraction or root anal may be necessary |
|
|
Term
| What is the tooth like with a periapical abscess? What will a percussion test do? |
|
Definition
| extruded in the pocket, percussion test will produce intense pain |
|
|
Term
| When do periapical granuloma's form? |
|
Definition
| occur as chronic pulpitis progresses into periapical region |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common lesion that occurs after pulp necrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a periapical granuloma, cyst, and abscess radiolocent or radiopaque? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a periapical granuloma appear like radiographically? |
|
Definition
-PDL space will appear widened
-wll demarticated, oval or rounded radiolucency at the apex
-long standing lesions may show hypercementosis and resoprtion of the root tip |
|
|
Term
| What does a tooth with periapcial granuloma test like? Is their pain? |
|
Definition
-initially my exhibit evidence of vitality when pulp tested, may have a slight response to percussion test
-as it progresses and pulp necrosis is complete, it is painless and there is no response in pulp testing
-pulp not consists of granulation and dense fibrous tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a periapical granuloma? |
|
Definition
1.root canal
2.apioectomy
3.extraction |
|
|
Term
| When do periapical cysts commonly develop? |
|
Definition
-in long-standing untreated periapical granuloma
-epilthelial rests of malassez are stimulated by the low-grade inflammation |
|
|
Term
| How can periapical cysts develop? |
|
Definition
| continuously until it destroys large portions of the alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
| What does a periapical cyst appear like radiographically? |
|
Definition
| well circumsized uniocular rdioluciency |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a periapical cyst? |
|
Definition
| surgical removal, should be microscopically examined to make sure it is not one of the aggressive lesions |
|
|
Term
| What should you do after a root canal? |
|
Definition
| root canal, check 6 months later for a possible residual cyst which can form from left over epithelial cells from root |
|
|
Term
| What is osteomyelitis? What is it most commonly caused by? |
|
Definition
| an inflammatory process within trabeular bone, most commonly caused by direct extension of an untreated periapical abscess |
|
|
Term
| What else can osteomyeltis be caused by? |
|
Definition
| radiation therapy to the head because this causes blood supply yo be compromised |
|
|
Term
| is osteomyelitis actue or chronic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pain like in acute osteomyelitis? What are the symptoms? |
|
Definition
-severe pain
-elevated temp and lymphadenopathy
-drainage results in the reduction of symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What does acute osteomyelitis look like radiographically? |
|
Definition
-no immediate features as exudate progresses through marrow spaces
-areas of bone may appear radiolucient as it progresses |
|
|
Term
| Sequestrum is seen with acute osteomyelitis. What is this? |
|
Definition
| represents islands of dead bone surrounded by purulent exudate |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for acute osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does chronic osteomyelisits occur? Is there pain? |
|
Definition
-occurs in response to a low-grade inflammatory process
-little or no pain |
|
|
Term
| What causes chronic osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| osteocytes often stimulated causing trabicular bone to become denser |
|
|
Term
| What will chronic ostromyelitis look like radiographically? |
|
Definition
| molted, radiopaque area refered to as osteoclerosis or sclerosing osteomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| What is garre Osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| occurs in children as hyperplastic reacion to chronioc osteomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| What happens with chonic osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| periosteum s stimulated, laying down layers of new bone |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Sclerosing osteomyelitis? Garre? |
|
Definition
Sclerosing-none, dense bone remains
Garre- reverts to normal after source is eliminated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful swelling of the tissue of the head and face resulting from the spread of purulent exudate along the fascial planes |
|
|
Term
| What does cellulitis most commonly occur as a result of? |
|
Definition
| extension of a periapical abscess into soft tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is a parulis or fistula? |
|
Definition
| the site of a exudate draining tract |
|
|
Term
| What do the enzymes from the bacteria do in cellulitis? |
|
Definition
| break down fascia surrounding muscle bundles, this allows the exudate to spread |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of cellulitis? |
|
Definition
| swelling, pain, elevated temperature, malaise, and lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| What can maxilla involvement of cellulitis cause? What can mandibular involvement cause? |
|
Definition
maxilla-can spread to eye and brain
mandibular-can spread into floor of the mouth, neck, and result in suffocation |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when cellulitis spreads manbibular into floor of the mouth, neck, resulting in suffocation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do pulp stones often result from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there any pain or clinical significance? |
|
Definition
| no pain or clinical significance |
|
|
Term
| How do pulp stones appear on a radiograph? |
|
Definition
| appear as radiopaque round masses either free or attached to the pulp |
|
|
Term
| What do pulp stones resemble? What is the treatment for pulp stones? |
|
Definition
-resemble secondary dentin
-no treatment necessary |
|
|
Term
| What is external resorption? |
|
Definition
| loss of tooth structure that begins on the outside |
|
|
Term
| What causes external resorption? What does it look like on radiographs? |
|
Definition
-often a result of pressure from tumors, cysts, excessive occlusal or mechanical forces or impaction
-can appear as a ragged outline or blunted apex |
|
|
Term
| Where does internal resorption begin? |
|
Definition
| within the pulp, dentin resorbes and is thinner than normal |
|
|
Term
| What is seen with internal resorption? What does it look like radiographically? |
|
Definition
-inflamed CT can be seen through
-tooth appears pink
-radiographically the pulp chamber has enlarged |
|
|
Term
| What can happen to a tooth after a root canal? |
|
Definition
| tooth becomes brittle after root canal make it more prone to fracture |
|
|
Term
| What is alveolar osteitis commonly called? What is it? |
|
Definition
-dry socket
-is a post operative complication of a tooth extraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-clot is lost before healing has occurred
-raw, denuded bone is exposed |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of a dry socket? |
|
Definition
-very painful
-bad odor and taste
-no fever or swelling(not an infection) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a dry socket? |
|
Definition
-pain relievers
-gentle irrigation of socket
-medicated dressing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the mucosa around a partially erupted tooth(usually 3rd molar) |
|
|
Term
| What is the flap of tissue in pericoronitis called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the treatments of pericoronitis? |
|
Definition
-irrigation
-antibiotics
-extraction or trim of the operculum |
|
|
