Term
Percussion
2 reasons for dullness _A_
2 reasons for hyperresonance _B_ |
|
Definition
A. pleural effusion, consolidation
B. PTX, emphysema |
|
|
Term
Tactile fremitus
2 reasons for increased _A_
3 reasons for decreased _B_ |
|
Definition
A. pneumonia or tumor
B. pleural effusion, PTX, emphysema |
|
|
Term
| Acute bronchitis MC cause is _A_ with the MC types being _B_ (3). |
|
Definition
A. viruses
B. Rhino, Corono, RSV |
|
|
Term
Acute bronchitis bacterial causes _A_ (3)
Risk factor is _B_, sxs are productive cough over _C_, _D_ rhonchi and _E_. |
|
Definition
A. M cat, H flu, S Pneumo
B. smoking
C. 5 days
D. expiratory
E. fever |
|
|
Term
| Acute bronchitis treatment is _A_ including _B_ and _C_. Abx should be given to _D_ (4) populations. Abx of choice are _E_. |
|
Definition
A. supportive
B. fluids
C. steroids
D. abx for elderly, smokers, cardiopulm diseases, immunosup
E. Beta-lactam or macrolide |
|
|
Term
MC cause of acute bronchiolitis is _A_
RFs are _B_ (4)
Typically begins with _C_ sx then progresses to respiratory _D_ that includes _E_ (3) sx. |
|
Definition
A. RSV
B. maternal smoking, preterm, crowded housing, chronic lung disease
C. URI
D. respiratory distress
E. nasal flaring, retractions, tachypnea |
|
|
Term
Initial tx for acute bronchiolitis is _A_ or _B_.
Hospitalization in _C_(4) situations
Other important treatments are anti_D_, nebulized _E_, chest _F_. |
|
Definition
A. oxygenation
B. hydration (IV fluids)
C. O2 <95%, <3 mo, RR>70, atelectasis
D. antipyretics
E. albuterol
F. chest physiotherapy |
|
|
Term
| Acute epiglottitis is MC between _A_ ages. _B_ is the MC cause with types being _C_ (4). |
|
Definition
A. 2-7 yoa (but can happen in adults)
B. Bacterial
C. S Pneumo, S Aureus, GAS, H. parainfluenza |
|
|
Term
Acute epiglottitis sx are sudden onset _A_, severe _B_, _C_ and _D_ voice.
DO NOT DO _E_ exam, risk for _F_!! |
|
Definition
A. high fever
B. severe dysphagia
C. drooling
D. muffled
E. throat
F. fatal airway obstruction in children |
|
|
Term
| Dx is _A_ but lateral Xray will show _B_ sign. Immediate treatment is to _C_. Must get _D_ cultures. Give _E_ to decrease inflammation. Abx are _F_. |
|
Definition
A. clinical
B. thumbprint sign (enlarged epiglottitis)
C. secure the airway
D. blood cultures
E. dexamethasone
F. ceftriaxone or cefotaxime |
|
|
Term
| Croup otherwise known as _A_ MC cause is _B_. MC between _C_ ages. Sx are _D_ cough and inspiratory _E_. |
|
Definition
A. acute laryngotracheobronchitis
B. parainfluenza virus
C. 6 mo- 3 yoa
D. barky (seal like)
E. stridor |
|
|
Term
| Croup dx is _A_ sign which is _B_. If mild the disease is _C_. Rescue tx is _D_. Others are _E_ (2). |
|
Definition
A. steeple sign
B. subglottic narrowing
C. self-limiting
D. nedulized racemic epinephrine
E. Dexamethasone or O2 |
|
|
Term
Influenza _A_ medications only treat type _B_ flu!
high risk flu populations are _C_ (4) |
|
Definition
A. Amantadine/Rimantadine
B. Type A only
C. >65 yoa, pregnancy, young kids, chronic medical condition |
|
|
Term
Pertussis is caused by _A_ which is a _B_ bacteria. Pertussis has _C_ stages which are _D_ (3).
What stage has the highest infectivity? |
|
Definition
A. Boradtella pertussis
B. G- Bacilli
C. 3 stages
D. catarrhal-> Paroxysmal-> Convalescent
- catarrhal is the highest infectivity!
D. catarrhal |
|
|
Term
Pertussis
Paroxysmal phase has the _A_, post-tussive _B_ is common. Can also get _C_ and _D_ from coughing. |
|
Definition
A. "whoop"
B. emesis
C. facial petechiae
D. scleral hemorrhages |
|
|
Term
Pertussis dx is _A_, with _B_ finding being characteritic.
Tx is _C_. Must treat _D_ |
|
Definition
A. pasopharyngeal culture
B. lymphocytosis
C. Macrolides
D. contacts regardless of immunization status |
|
|
Term
RSV is caused by _A_. MC between _B_ ages, mortality is highest _C_ moa.
RFs are _D_ (3)
Dx is _E_. |
|
Definition
A. paramyxovirus
B. 2-6 mo
C. <2 mo
D. prematurity, SGA, day-card
E. Sputum cx |
|
|
Term
TB
MC sx is _A_
Dx- sputum shows _B_.
Primary TB: _C_ infiltrates and _D_ LAN
Reactivated TB: _E_ disease and _F_ (2) |
|
Definition
A. cough
B. acid fast bailli
C. homogenous
D. hilar/paratracheal LAN
E. fibrocavity apical disease
F. nodules, infiltrates |
|
|
Term
Primary healed TB shows _A_ complexes that are _B_ and _C_ complex that are B+ _D_.
Bx shows _E_. |
|
Definition
A. Ghon complexes
B. calcified primary focus
C. Ranke complexes
D. B+ calcified hilar LAN
E. caseating granulomas |
|
|
Term
Tx in order with side effects
_A_ (2 SEs)
_B_ (2 SEs- one treatment for the SE)
_C_ (2 SEs)
_D_ (1 SE) |
|
Definition
A. Rifampin- Hepatitis, orange fluids
B. Isoniazid- peripheral neuropathy (pyridoxine to treat) and Hepatitis
C. Pyrazinamide- Hepatotoxicity and GI
D. Ethambutol- optic neuritis |
|
|
Term
| 3 tests for consolidation and what + looks like |
|
Definition
Whispered pectoriloquy- whisper sounds loud
Bronchophony- "99" with tactile fremitus
Egophony- E sounds like A |
|
|
Term
Tx for community aqcuired pneumonia
fluids, _A_, rest
Abx should be given minimum of _B_ days.
Healthy abx: _C_
Chronic Disease abx: _D_
Prego abx: _E_ |
|
Definition
A. antipyretics
B. minimum 5 days
C. macrolides, doxy or fluoro
D. Add Beta-Lactam!
E. Macrolide |
|
|
Term
MC cause of CAP is _A_
MC cause of atypical CAP is _B_.
MC cause of HAP is _C_
Abx Tx for HAP is _D_ |
|
Definition
A. S pneumo
B. M pneumo
C. Pseudomonas
D. HAP abx: ceftriaxone, Imipneim or Piper/Tazo
If high risk use 2!! |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia- S pneumo presents with _A_ sputum and will see _B_ on CXR |
|
Definition
A. rusty colored
B. lobar pneumo |
|
|
Term
Pneumonia- S Aureus is MC in _A_ recovering from _B_. Sputum is _C_.
If MRSA give _D_ abx |
|
Definition
A. elderly/young people
B. flu
C. salmon-colored
D. Vanco or linezolid |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia- Pseudomonas is common _A_ infection especially in _B_ patients. It is related to _C_. These patients can have severe _D_. Tx is _E_ abx (examples- 3) |
|
Definition
A. nosocomial infection
B. post-ventilator pts
C. Cystic Fibrosis
D. severe systemic toxicity (happens fast!)
E. 2 abx (piper-tazo, flouro, tobramycin) |
|
|
Term
| Legionella is caused by _A_. Sx are initially mild but can present with _B_ and _C_. Dx is _D_ |
|
Definition
A. contaminated water (A/C, aerosolized)
B. hematuria
C. HYPONATREMIA
D. Urinalysis |
|
|
Term
Klebsiella is MC in _A_ and _B_ populations.
MC cause is _C_. Dx is _D_ sputum and _E_ abscess on CXR.
Tx abx are _F_ (3) |
|
Definition
A. alcoholics
B. nursing homes
C. aspiration
D. currant jelly
E. RUL
F. 3rd gen Ceph, AMG or fluoro |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia- Mycoplasma is also called _A_ and MC in _B_ or people living in _C_. Associated with _D_. Dx is _E_. |
|
Definition
A. "walking pneumonia"
B. young adults/teens
C. dorms/camps/barracks
D. bullous myringitis
E. + cold agglutinins |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia- Chlamydia think _A_ shops or around _B_. Can present with _C_. Tx is _D_ |
|
Definition
A. pet shops
B. poultry
C. hoarseness
D. tetracycline |
|
|
Term
Viral pneumonia- Mc cause in adults is _A_.
MC cause <2 yoa is _B_
MC cause in crowded living spaces is _C_. |
|
Definition
A. influenza
B. RSV
C. adenovirus |
|
|
Term
Pneumonia
Coccidiomycosis is found in _A_ and tx with _B_
Pneumonia- Aspergillosis is found in contact with _C_ and can be treated with _D_. |
|
Definition
A. dry western states ("valley fever")
B. fluconazole ampho B
C. Waterfowl
D. any antifungal |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia- Cryptococcosis- is linked to _A_ and is potentially _B_. Can lead to _C_itis. Tx is _D_ plus _E_. |
|
Definition
A. soil
B. fatal
C. meningitis
D. ampho B + oral flucytosine |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia- Blastomycosisis endemic in _A_ areas. Can cause _B_ lesions in _C_ (3) locations. Tx is _D_ |
|
Definition
A. great lakes, ohio/mississippi river
B. extrapulmonary
C. skin, bones, prostate
D. itraconazole |
|
|
Term
Pneumonia Histoplasmosis is _A_ exposire and common in _B_ areas. Presents with _C_ LAN and possible _D_.
Tx is _E_. |
|
Definition
A. feces of bats/birds
B. ohio valley/mississippi
C. mediastinal/perihilar
D. pericardial
E. ampho B, itraconazole |
|
|
Term
Carcinoid tumors are _A_ differentiated tumors. Sx are _B_, cough and recurrent _C_.
Dx is _D_ where you will see _E_. Tx is _F_ (it is resistant to _G_) |
|
Definition
A. well differentiated
B. hemoptysis
C. pneumonia
D. bronchoscopy
E. well vascularized pink and purple lesions
F. surgical excision
G. chemo and rad |
|
|
Term
| Carcinoid syndrome sx are _A_ (3) and indicate _B_ mets. Also involves production of _C_ (2) |
|
Definition
A. flushing, diarrhea, hypotension
B. liver
C. bradykinin and serotonin |
|
|
Term
Lung cancer is the leading cause of _A_. 10-20% are associated with _B_ syndrome.
#1 RF is _C_. MC type is _D_. |
|
Definition
A. cancer deaths
B. paraneoplastic
C. smoking
D. adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Small cell lung cancer often has _A_ mets. It is refractory to _B_ and has _C_ survival. Mets often to _D_. |
|
Definition
A. early mets
B. surgery
C. low
C. regional LNs |
|
|
Term
Non-small cell lung cancer has 3 types
SCC presents with _A_ mass, sx of _B_ and most likely diagnosed with _C_ cytology.
Adeno has no _D_ with cytology.
LCC presents with both _E_ (2) masses and is often _F_ with _G_ mets |
|
Definition
Large cell, sqamous cell, non-small cell
A. central
B. hemoptysis
C. sputum
D. NO early dx with sputum
E. central and peripheral
F. rapid
G. early |
|
|
Term
| Lung cancer dx is _A_(2) to see abnormalities. _B_ for direct visualization of cell types. Tx for small cell is _C_. Treat for non-small cell is _D_ with _E_ 5 year survival |
|
Definition
A. CT/CXR
B. bronchoscopy with bx
C. Chemo/rad (rarely live 5 years)
D. Surgery
E. 40% after resection |
|
|
Term
| Complications of lung cancer (mnemonic) |
|
Definition
SPHERE
SVC syndrome, Pancoast tumor, Horner's Syndrome, Endocrine (Carcinoid syndrome), Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Effusions (exudative) |
|
|
Term
solitary pulmonary nodules- outlined by _A_ and not associated with _B_ and _C_.
RFs are for malignancy are _D_(5) |
|
Definition
A. normal lung tissue
B. NOT associated with infiltrate
C. or LAN
D. smoker, >45 yoa, >2 cm, indistinct margins, rapid progression |
|
|
Term
| Solitary pulmonary nodules- MC sx is _A_. Most are found _B_. Dx is _C_ but _D_ is definitive. Tx for low risk is _E_. Tx for high risk is _F_. |
|
Definition
A. none- asx
B. incidentally
C. high resolution CT
D. bx
E. low risk= watchful waiting (CT every 3mo for one year)
F. high risk= ASAP ressection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis (eczema) |
|
|
Term
| Brinchiectasis- MC cause is _A_. Presents with _B_ cough, copious _C_ mucus. Dx gold standard is _D_. Tx is (3). Pt may need _E_. |
|
Definition
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. persistent
C. foul-smelling
D. CT of chest
E. inhaled bronchodilators, O2, chest physiotherapy |
|
|
Term
| Consider CF dx in any young pt with _A_ disease, _B_ or _C_. |
|
Definition
A. chronic lung disease (bronchiectasis(
B. infertility
C. pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
| CF is an _A_ disorder caused by abnormal production of _B_ by the _C_ causing obstruction. Sx are cough with _D_ sputum, recurrent _E_ and _F_ |
|
Definition
A. AR
B. mucus
C. endocrine glands
D. excessive
E. recurrent hemoptysis
F. steatorrhea |
|
|
Term
CF- _A_ finding is pathognomonic. Pt will have digital _B_, _C_ diameter.
Dx is _D_.
Tx is comprehensive _E_ therapies including long term _F_ th slow disease progression |
|
Definition
A. meconium ileus
B. digital clubbing
C. ^ AP diameter
D. sweat cholride
E. multidisiplinary
F. abx (azithromycin) |
|
|
Term
COPD MC cause is _A_. Biggest sx is history of progressive _B_.
Chest exam will show _C_ to percussion, _D_ diameter and decreased _E_ sounds. |
|
Definition
A. smoking
B. SOB
C. hyperresonance
D. Increased AP
E. breath |
|
|
Term
| Chronic bronchitis dx must be _A_ months for at lease _B_ years. Pts will be _C_ and _D_ with elevated _E_ levels. |
|
Definition
A. 3 months
B. 2 consecutive
C. overweight
D. cyanotic
E. hemoglobin levels |
|
|
Term
| Chronic bronchitis will have _A_ hyperplasia and increased _B_ production. Hallmark is chronic _C_ with _D_ sputum. |
|
Definition
A. mucus gland
B. RBC (polycythemia)
C. cough
D. thick sputum |
|
|
Term
| Chronic bronchitis tx- _A_ is first line. ABX for acute exacerbations is _B_, _C_ or _D_. |
|
Definition
A. ipratropium
B-D. 2nd Gen Ceph, macrolide, bactrim |
|
|
Term
| Emphysema will show permanent _A_ and _B_ of the alveoli. Pts will be _C_ and _D_. CXR will show _E_. |
|
Definition
A. enlargement
B. destruction
C. thin
D. older
E. hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms |
|
|
Term
| Emphysema pts retain _A_ causing chornic _B_ and are at risk for _C_ with bullae. MC sx is _D_ with _E_ cough |
|
Definition
A. CO2
B. hyperventilation
C. PTX
D. dyspnea
E. minimal (think sputum) |
|
|
Term
| COPD type found in non-smokers ages 20-30 is _A_. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| COPD diagnosis is decreased _A_(2) on PFTs. Also the response to _B_. Acute treatment includes _C_ (4). Long term treatment is _D_. _E_ is the best treatment to decrease M&M. |
|
Definition
A. FEV1 and FEV1/FVC
B. albuterol
C. acute= broad spectrum abx, albuterol, steroids, O2
D. ipratropium
E. Oxygen |
|
|
Term
| Pdiolathic pulmonary fibrosis is the MC _A_. Sx are _B_ cough, inspiratory _C_ and _D_. CT shows _E_ and PFT flow is _F_. Tx is _G_. |
|
Definition
A. interstitial lung disease
B. dry cough
C. inspiratory crackles
D. CLUBBING
E. honeycombing
F. restrictive
G. corticosteroids and O2 |
|
|
Term
| Pneumoconiosis lften leads to _A_. Simple cases are _B_ but complicated can present with inspiratory _C_, digital _D_ and _E_ |
|
Definition
A. pulmonary fibrosis (honeycombing)
B. asx
C. inspiratory crackles
D. clubbing
E. dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| Coal worker's job is _A_. CXR shows _B_ opacities prominent in the _C_ fields |
|
Definition
A. coal miner (inhalation)
B. nodular
C. upper lung fields |
|
|
Term
Silicosis job is _A_ (4)
Dx imaging shows _B_. Increased risk for _C_. |
|
Definition
A. mining, sandblasting, stone, quarry work
B. egg shell calcifications
C. TB |
|
|
Term
| Asbestosis jobs are _A_ (3). Bx shows _B_. CXR will show _C_ opacities and calcified _D_ on _E_(2). Risk of _F_. |
|
Definition
A. insulation, demolition, constriction
B. ferruginous/asbestos bodies
C. linear
D. plaques
E. diaphragm or lateral walls
F. mesothelioma (and possibly bronchogenic carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
Berylliosis jobs are considered _A_: examples being _B_ (4)
Dx is _C_ infiltrates with _D_ LAN.
Requires treatment with chronic _E_. |
|
Definition
A. high tech
B. nuclear power, aerospace, ceramics, tools
C. diffuse
D. hilar
E. chronic steroids |
|
|
Term
| Pneumoconiosis treatment is _A_. _B_ is the most used and _C_ are important. It is also helpful for patients to undergo _D_. |
|
Definition
A. supportive
B. O2
C. vaccines (pneumonia and flu)
D. rehabilitation |
|
|
Term
| Sarcoidosis is charcterized by _A_ in affected organs. MC organ is _B_. Then _C_ (presenting with _D_), _E_ and _F_. |
|
Definition
A. non-caseating granulomas
B. lungs
C. Skin
D. erythema nodosum
E. eyes
F. GI |
|
|
Term
| Sarcoidosis MC pt is _A_ (3). present with _B_ onset of dyspnea, _C_ and cough. Pt's can also have _D_ enlargement and _E_=megaly |
|
Definition
A. 30, black, female
B. insidious
C. chest pain
D. parotid gland
E. hepatosplenomegaly |
|
|
Term
Dx for Sarcoidosis (other that the granulomas)
CXR shows _A_(2) LAN, and _B_ infiltrates. Labs show very elevated _C_.
Also can find Hyper_D_ (2) and elevated _E_. There is no cure but can use _F_ if sx'ic |
|
Definition
A. bilateral hilar and paratracheal LAn
B. diffuse, reticular
C. ACE
D. Hypercalcemia AND -uria
E. elevated ESR
F. steroids |
|
|
Term
| Cor Pulmonale- MC cause is _A_. Sx are _B_ retention. Gold standard dx is _C_. Tx is _D_ (2). |
|
Definition
A. COPD
B. systemic fluid
C. right heart cath
D. O2 and diuretics |
|
|
Term
| PE- MC presenting sx is _A_. Gold standard dx is _B_. if pregnant dx is with _C_. Initial tx is _D_ (2) with long term _E_. |
|
Definition
A. tachycardia
B. pulmonary angiogram
C. VQ scan
D. IV heparin and O2
E. warfarin |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary HTN sx are _A_ CP, _B_ cough, _C_ and fatigue. There are _D_ classes. mean pressure over _D_ is diagnostic |
|
Definition
A. retrosternal CP
B. non-productive
C. ascites
D. 5
E. >25 |
|
|
Term
| Pleural effusion MC cause of transudative is _A_. 3 othes _B_ (3). LDH and protein are < _C_. Exudative causes are _D_ (5) |
|
Definition
A. CHF
B. trans: cirrhosis, nephrosis, constrictive pericarditis
C. <0.6
D. exudative: malignancy, PE, Post-CABG, AI disease, pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
Pleural effusion findings are _A_ tactile frem and _B_ to percussion. Should perform a thoracentesis if _C_ effusion and no _D_.
Empyema presents as _E_. |
|
Definition
A. decreased TF
B. dullness
C. new effusion
D. no apparemtn cause
F. grossly purulent fluid (pus) |
|
|
Term
PTX RFs are _A_ (5)
Sx is sudden onset _B_ and _C_ CP
Findings are _D_ decreased _E_ (3) |
|
Definition
A. COPD, smoking, +FHx, CF, trauma
B. dyspnea
C. pleuritic
D. unilateral
E. TF, breath sounds and chest expansion |
|
|
Term
| Dx is an _A_ and ABG show _B_. Initial tx is _C_. Large or secodnary= _D_. if it is _E_% it requires surgery |
|
Definition
A. expiratory CXR
B. hypoxemia
C. 100% O2
D. chest tube
E. >20% |
|
|
Term
Spontaneous PTX- Primary is absence of _A_. Pt is typically _B_, thin and _C_ yoa male.
Secondary is complication of _D_.
_E_ will resolve spontaneously |
|
Definition
A. Primary- absence of underlying lung disease
B. tall
C. 10-30 yoa male
D. pre-existing pulm disease
E. small |
|
|
Term
Tension PTX is secondary to _A_ or _B_.
Allows for air to _C_
Dx is tracheal shift _D_ from injury.
Initial tx is _E_ |
|
Definition
A. sucking chest would
B. pulmonary lesion
C. enter with expansion but not leave
D. away from injury
E. Needle decompression is (2nd ICS MCL) |
|
|
Term
| ARDS is damage to _A_ (2) causing increased _B_ and decreased production of _C_. MC cause is _D_. Other major causes are _E_ (4) |
|
Definition
A. capillary and alveolar epithelial cells
B. vascular permeability
C. surfactant
D. Sepsis
E. ACUTE GASTRIC ASPIRATION, severe trauma, toxic inhalation, multiple blood tranfusions |
|
|
Term
ARDS presents with _A_ SOB and _B_ sputum. it is refractory to _C_.
CXR may initially be _D_ but can cause _E_ infiltrates and air _F_.
Tx is _G_.
Mortality rate: |
|
Definition
A. rapid onset SOB
B. frothy pink/red sputum
C. administered O2
D. normal
E. diffuse/ patchy bilateral
F. bronchograms
G. supportive- mechanical ventilation with PEEP
- High: 1/3 deaths within 3 days of sx onset caused by infection or MSOF |
|
|
Term
| Hyaline membrane disease is deficiency of _A_. MC cause us _B_. presents as _C_ and worsens over the first _D_ of life. |
|
Definition
A. surfactant
B. respiratory disease in premature infants
C. cyanosis in first few hours
D. 24-48 hours |
|
|
Term
Hyaline membrane disease
CXR will show air _A_, diffuse _B_ with _C_ appearance and _D_ of diaphragm. Tx is _E_ and _F_. (Best tx is prevention with _G_) |
|
Definition
A. air bronchograms
B. bilateral atelectasis
C. ground glass
D. doming
E. intermittent ventilation
F. exogenous surfactant
G. corticosteroids to mother 48 hours before preterm delivery |
|
|
Term
FB aspiration- MC into the _A_ lobe. MC materials are _B_ (3).
CXR will show _C_
Tx is _D_ |
|
Definition
A. Right main stem or RLL
B. gastric contents, toxic material, food/fluids
C. regional hyperinflation
D. bronchoscopy with removal |
|
|
