Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bronchodilator and suportive measures |
|
|
Term
| leading cause of hospitalization < 1 yo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx of acute bronchiolitis |
|
Definition
supportive, bronchodilator
possibly mechancal ventilation |
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|
Term
| typical age of occurence for epiglottitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what has decraesed the occurrence of epiglottitis |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| URI, dysphagia, muffled voice, droolsing, distress, stridor, leaning foward to breathe (tripod) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
keep the child calm
avoid direct laryngoscopy (will make airway compromise worse)
protect the airway, consider ET intubation
abx against Hib (rocephin, unasyn, bactrim) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usual age of occurence for croup |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) |
|
|
Term
| thumbprint sign on lateral neck xray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| steeple sign on PA neck xray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mainstay = corticosteroids
severe = nebulized epi |
|
|
Term
| complications of influenza in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hallmark sxs of influenza |
|
Definition
| fever, malaise, myalgia, HA |
|
|
Term
| how long after onset of sxs can tamiflu be given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the real name for whooping cough? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causative agent of pertussis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st line tx for pertussis |
|
Definition
macrolides
hospitalize anyone < 6m old |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strep pneumoniae
H flu
staph aureus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| criteria for hospitalization of pneumonia |
|
Definition
CURB-65
Confusion
BUN > 20
RR > 30
BP < 90/60
> 65 yo with any of the other conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Klebsiella
lobular pneumonia, severe with rapid onset, high fever, currant jelly sputum |
|
|
Term
| who is at high risk for fungal pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| workers/farmers with heavy exposure to bird, bat, or rodents in endemic areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pneuocystis jiroveci
previously pneumocystis carinii (PCP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apical or subapical cavitary infiltrates are a classic sign of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HIV/high risk = 5
moderate risk = 10
no risk = 15 |
|
|
Term
| sxs of carcinoid syndrome (4) |
|
Definition
flushing
diarrhea
wheezing
hypotension |
|
|
Term
bronchoscopy = pink or purple central lesion that is well vascularized, pedunculated or sessile.
sxs = hemoptysis, cough, focal wheezing, recurrent pneumo, bleeding and/or obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| leading cause of death in both men and women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cough
hemoptysis
chest pain
weight loss
wheezing
stridor
LAD
dysphagia |
|
|
Term
| which lung cancer mets fast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumor in the apex of the lung with involvement of the cevical, 1st or 2nd thoracic nerves --> shoulder pain which radiates in the ulnar distribution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is often associated with pancoast tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| problems with pancoast tumor |
|
Definition
| superior vena cava syndrome |
|
|
Term
| what increases the risk of malignancy with pulmonary nodules (4) |
|
Definition
size > 1cm
age > 35 yo
smoking hx
presence or absence of calcification |
|
|
Term
| MC benign lung neoplasms (2) |
|
Definition
bronchial adenomas
hamartomas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| criteria for mild intermittent asthma |
|
Definition
day sxs < 2d/month
night sxs < 2d/month
exercise tolerance
FEV1 > 80 |
|
|
Term
| criteria for mild persistent asthma |
|
Definition
day sxs > 2d/month, < 1x/day
night sxs > 2d/month
exercise sxs
FEV1 > 80 |
|
|
Term
| criteria for moderate persistent asthma |
|
Definition
day sxs = daily
night sxs = > 1/wk
frequent exercise sxs
FEV1 = 60-80 |
|
|
Term
| criteria for severe persistent asthma |
|
Definition
day sxs = daily
night sxs = frequent
exercise severely limited
FEV1 < 60 |
|
|
Term
| asthma treatment by steps |
|
Definition
1 = SABA
2 = low dose ICS
3 = low dose ICS + LABA or med ICS
4 = medium ICS + LABA
5 = high ICS + LABA
6 = high ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid |
|
|
Term
| abnormal permanent dilation of the bronchi and destruction of the bronchial walls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
chronic purulent sputum (foul smelling)
hemoptysis
chronic cough
recurrent pneumonia
CXR = tram tracking or honeycombing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is superior to beta agonsists in the tx of COPD |
|
Definition
| anticholinergic inhalters (ipratropium bromide - atrovent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compromise the ability of the pt to expel air
hyperinflation and air trapping
rib cage reconfigures over time
ventilatory muscles adapt temporarily |
|
|
Term
| abnormal production of mucous by almost all exocrine glands, causing obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CF pts are at increased risk of what? (3) |
|
Definition
malignancy of the GI tract
osteopenia
arthropathies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
location of the following types of emphysema
centriacinar
panacrinar
distal acinar |
|
Definition
centriacinar (upper lobe)
panacinar (lower lobe)
distal acinar (paraseptal) |
|
|
Term
| thin pt with barrel chest, hyperinflation of the lungs, flattened diaphragms, increased retrosternal airspace, parenchymal bullae, subpleural blebs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| difference betweene exudative and transudative pleural effusions |
|
Definition
exudative = local
transuadative = occur when systemic factors that influence the formation and absorption of pleural fluid are changed |
|
|
Term
| tx of recurrent pleural effusions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| accumulation of air in the pleural space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small - may heal on it's own
large = needle decompression and chest tube |
|
|
Term
| failure of the right side of teh heart brought on by long term HTN in the pulmonary arteries and the right ventricle of the heart |
|
Definition
cor pulmonale
(pure right sided heart failure) |
|
|
Term
| gold standard for dx of PE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hampton's jump
Westermark's sign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypercoagulability
stasis/stagnation of blood
local trauma to a vessel wall |
|
|
Term
| MC EKG result from obstructive PE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC dx in pts with interstitial lung dz |
|
Definition
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulation, demolition, construction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mining
sand blasting
quarry or stone work
skin shows "onion skin" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high tech fields: aerospace, nuclear power, ceramics, foundries, tool and die manufacturing |
|
|
Term
| CXR = egg shell calcifications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CXR = nodular opacities at the upper lung fields |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CXR = linear opacities at the bases and pleural plaques |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pts with asbestosis are at increased risk for what? |
|
Definition
lung cancer and mesothelioma
smoking compounds this risk |
|
|
Term
| noncaseating granulomatous inflammation in affected organs (lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, skin, liver, spleen, salivary glands, heart, nervous system) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most sensitive test for interstitial lung disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hilar adenopathy (inner border of lungs), erythema nodosum (tender red nodules on shins), uveitis, fever, arthralgias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normal at first
infiltrates tend to be peripherial sparing the costophrenic angles, heart is normal size, upper lungs venous engorgement is common, pleural effusions are small or absent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suppoertive O2 via ET tube with positive pressure ventilation and low levels of PEEP. Hypoxia is often refractory to tx. |
|
|
Term
| MCC of respiratory distress in a preterm infant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CXR = diffuse bilateral atelectasis causing a ground glass apperance and doming of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 physical signs of allergic rhinitis |
|
Definition
allergic shiners - dark circles around eyes related to vasodilation or nasal congestion
nasal salute - horizontal crease on the lower nasal bridge |
|
|
Term
| elevated eosinophils are associated with what type of rhinitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tiemframe for acute vs chronic sinusitis |
|
Definition
acute = 4-12 wks
chronic = > 12 wks |
|
|
Term
| atypical pneumonia caused by chlamydia psittaci |
|
Definition
| psittacosis (parrot fever, ornithosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
doxy in adults
azithro in kids |
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|
