Term
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Definition
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Term
failure level for arterial oxygen |
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Definition
<50mm Hg or a drop > 10-15 |
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Term
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Definition
36-42, >50 resp failure causing pH <.3 |
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Term
capillary blood gases that can be accurately measured |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
uses light to determine what percentage of hemoglobin is saturated |
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Term
pulse oximetry critical levels |
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Definition
<94% requires oxygen, possibly slightly lower; with chronic oxygen deficiencies somewhat lower |
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Term
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Definition
accurately tests lung capacity |
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Term
Forced Vital Capacity clinical level of reduction |
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Definition
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Term
FEV1 (1 second forced expiratory volume) clinically significant level |
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Definition
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Term
FEF25-75 (Forced Expiratory Flow 25% - 75% of vital volume) clinically significant reduction |
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Definition
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Term
PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate) clinically significant reduction |
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Definition
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Term
FEV1/FEC clinically significant ratio |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
carbon monoxide used to determine rate of gase diffusion across alveolar capillary membrane |
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Term
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Definition
airway hyperreactivity; FEV1 measured, find concentration of provocative agent that drops FEV1 by 20% or greater (histamine, methacholine) |
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Term
parasympathetic innervation of the lungs |
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Definition
vagus cholinergic neuron, NCNA |
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Term
sympathetic innervation of the lungs |
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Definition
adrenergic neuron (non-innervated) |
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Term
chemical causes of dyspnea |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
allergic inflammation cause of asthma |
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Definition
Th2 immune response; mediated by IgE, iNKT synthesis and abnormal t-cell response |
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Term
reactions in asthmatic airways |
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Definition
smooth muscle hypertrophy; desquamization of epithelium, replaced by goblet cells; mucus plugging |
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Term
activity at biphasic asthma response |
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Definition
1st hour, due to release of inflammatory mediators; 4-20 hours: hyperreactivity of airway smooth muscle |
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Term
asthma quick relief medications |
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Definition
beta agonists, anti-cholinergics, systemic steroids |
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Term
long-term asthma management medication |
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Definition
leukotriene modifiers; corticosteroids; cromolyn; long-acting beta-agonists; theophylin |
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Term
prednisone, prednisolone in asthma management |
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Definition
very effective against allergic inflammation but significant systemic SE |
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Term
mediators of beta agonists in asthma managment |
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Definition
cAMP inhibits MLCK and opens K+ channel |
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Term
Salmetrol in asthma management |
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Definition
weak anti-inflammatory action; allows persistent cAMP production (point confusing/unintelligible) |
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Term
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Definition
5-LOX inhibitor, leukotriene modifier |
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Term
Pranlukast, Zafirlukast, Montelukast |
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Definition
leukotriene D-4 antagonists |
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Term
5-LOX inhibitors and LTD4 inhibitor action |
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Definition
leukotrienes have mild vasoconstrictive properties, used as asjuncts to other therapy to reduce amounts of beta agonists needed |
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Term
methylxanthines/theophylline MOA |
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Definition
inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and antagonism of receptor mediated activities of adenosine |
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Term
cromones (sodium cromoglycate) MOA |
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Definition
inhibition of mast cell mediator release; furosemide shares some of this action as they both inhibit Cl- channels |
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Term
COPD treatments, bronchodilators |
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Definition
anticholinergics (M1 and M3) ipratropium and oxitropium; long acting beta agonists Salmeterol and fometerol; methylxanthines |
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Term
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Definition
corticosteroids, methylxanthines |
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