Term
| Divisions of the Respiratory System |
|
Definition
1) Upper Airway
2) Lower Airway
3) Terminal Alveoli |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Nasal cavities
Sinuses
Pharynx
Tonsils
Larynx |
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Term
|
Definition
Conducting Airway:
Trachea
Bronchi
Non-respiratory Bronchioles) |
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Term
| Parts of the Terminal Alveoli |
|
Definition
Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveolar Sacs |
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Term
|
Definition
There are 26 generations.
The first 16 are purely conducting
Next are transitional airways
24th gen: Final Respiratory zone |
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Term
| Classification of Pulmonary Disease |
|
Definition
* Acute or Chronic
* Obstructive or Restrictive - tend to be chronic / incurable
* Infectious or Non-infectious - more often acute |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease |
|
Definition
Cough
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Pleuritic Pain
Cyanosis
Clubbing
Altered Breathing Patterns
Tachypnea
Abnormal chest wall shape
Abnormal sputum
Using accessory mm. of breathing
Nasal Flaring
Hemoptysis
DOE - Dyspnea on exertion
SOB |
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Term
| Common Sites for referred Pulmonary Pain |
|
Definition
Chest
Ribs
UT
Shoulder-may radiate along medial arm
T/S |
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Term
| Characteristics of Pulmonary Disease Pain |
|
Definition
May mimic MS pain in referral sites
Increases with Inspiratory Movements |
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Term
|
Definition
Parietal Pleura is very sensitive to pain
Visceral Pleura is not sensitive to pain |
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Term
| Conditions Caused by Pulmonary Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deficient oxygenation of arterial blood
Can lead to hypoxia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Diminished availability of O2 to body tissues |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Respiratory alterations
V/Q mismatch
Decreased O2 Content
Hypoventilation
Alveolocapillary diffusion abnormality
Pulmonary Shunting |
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|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of Hypoxemia for PaO2 80-100 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of Hypoxemia for PaO2 60-80 |
|
Definition
PaO2 Signs and Symptoms 60-80
Tachycardia DOE possibly-respiratory distress |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of Hypoxemia for PaO2 50-60 |
|
Definition
malaise
light
headedness
nausea
vertigo
impaired judgement |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of Hypoxemia for PaO2 35-50 |
|
Definition
marked confusion
cardiac dysrrhythmias
labored respiration |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of Hypoxemia for PaO2 25-35 |
|
Definition
cardiac arrest
decreased renal blood flow
decreased urine output
lactic acidosis
lethargy
LOC |
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|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of Hypoxemia for PaO2 <25 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Edema
*Emergency condition*
Definition |
|
Definition
Accumulation of fluid in the tissues and air spaces of the lungs
Most commonly caused by heart disease, LVF, but also a complication of pulmonary disease |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation affecting the parenchyma of the lungs
Can be:
Lobar p.
Bronchopneumonia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Bacterial infection
Viral infection - can be more serous
Inhalation or aspiration of particulate etc. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Bronchitis
Smoking
immunodeficiency
intubation
COPD
Chronic Renal Failure
Chemotherapy
Bed Rest
Impaired cough reflex
Dysphagia
i |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleuritic chest pain
Productive Cough with rust or green sputum
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Fatigue
Fever
Generalized aches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sputum Cultures
Gram Stain
Chest Films
Lung Sounds
Chest Percussion
Urine test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antibiotic Therapy
Chest PT
Rest
Fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recommended for
Over 65
Chronic disorders of the lungs
Heart
Liver
Kidney
and HIV or poorly controlled DM |
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|
Term
| Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) |
|
Definition
Parasitic Infection-AIDS
First indicator of AIDS in 60% of cases
Also seen in:
Transplants
Chemo for lymphoma or leukemia
Steroid Therapy in Malnutrition |
|
|
Term
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP)
Signs |
|
Definition
Impaired Gas Exchange
Fever
Dyspnea
Weight Loss
Tachypnea |
|
|
Term
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP)
Interventions |
|
Definition
Universal Precautions
Breathing Exercises
Energy Conservation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Infectious, inflammatory systemic disease that affects the lungs.
May disseminate to involve lymph nodes and other organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cause: Inhalation of infected airborne particles Infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis characterized by granulomas*, caseous necrosis, and cavity formation
(A granuloma is a small area of inflammation in tissue due to injury, such as from an infection. Granulomas most often occur in the lungs but can occur in other parts of the body as well. They typically cause no signs or symptoms and are found incidentally on a chest X-ray done for some other reason. Although granulomas are noncancerous (benign), they may resemble cancer on an X-ray.-Source www.mayoclinic.com) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary infection involves middle or lower lung area and spreads to bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and then travels to the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elderly
Poor health
<5 years old
Close quarters
inadequate ventilation
HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Appear late-usually after one year
productive cough
wt loss
fever
night sweats
fatigue
anorexia
pulmonary infections
lung atelectasis - collapse of a lung segment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
skin test (Mantoux)
chest xray
culture of sputum
bronchoscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
combination drugs-rifampin, isoniazid
etc.
prevent transmission, need to be
taken for 6-9 months |
|
|
Term
Acute Bronchitis
Definition and Cause |
|
Definition
Def: Inflammation of trachea and bronchi-Lasts for about 1-3 weeks
Cause: Chemicals, viral infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cough
chest pain
constitutional sxs
Can lead to pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refers to several disorders including:
Obstructive Bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blood gas analysis
sputum culture
skin testing
xray
PFTs= Pulmonary Function Test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Improve PaO2
Decrease CO2 retention
Prevent resp infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pharm management:
bronchodilators
mucolytics
steroids
antibiotics
mast cell stabilizers
oxygen
vaccination against flu
Pulmonary hygiene
Bullectomy-Removal of non-funct. alveoli
Chest PT |
|
|
Term
Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis
Def and Cause |
|
Definition
Productive cough lasting 3 mos. For two
consecutive years, dec FEV1/FVC
Causative agent: smoking |
|
|
Term
Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis
Signs |
|
Definition
Cough with mucous
Cyanosis
Prolonged expiration
Recurrent infection
SOB
Hypoxemia
Retention of C02
Accessory breathing muscles
hypertrophy of mucous producing cells
air trapping
*forced expiration tends to produce
collapse of tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Obstructive Lung disease (3 types) that causes destruction of airways due to changes in lung tissue rather than mucous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dyspnea
tachypnea with prolonged expiration
wasting appearance
leaning forward with arms
braced on knees to assist breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Inflammation of airways causing
bronchospasm with SOB and wheezing
*Reversible obstructive lung disease caused by increased reaction of the A/W to various stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Release of inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes) produces:
bronchial smooth muscle spasm
vascular congestion
edema
increased mucus production
impaired mucociliary function
--eosinophil infiltration
Airway spasm
trapping air
ventilation/perfusion mismatch
hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first-sensation of chest constriction
inspiratory/expiratory wheezing
non-productive coughing
tachycardia
tachypnea
later cough becomes productive with nasal flaring and cyanosis of lips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PFT
ABGs- arterial blood gas
Note: Asthma occurs in families |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bronchodilators
steroids
leukotriene inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Exercise Induced
(bronchodilators 20-30 min. prior to ex)
Intrinsic - nonallergic; adult onset; secondary to chronic infection
Extrinsic- Allergic Asthma |
|
|
Term
Bronchiectasis
(bron-kee-ek-ta-sis)
Definition |
|
Definition
A progressive form of obstructive lung disease
characterized by irreversible destruction and dilation
of A/Ws associated with chronic bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coughing up blood or bloody sputum |
|
|
Term
Bronchiectasis
Disease process |
|
Definition
Chronic dilation of bronchi and bronchioles with wet secretions that plug airways and cause more purulent
mucous causing bronchospasm.
Destruction of bronchial walls occur with fibrosis that further obstructs lumen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
persistent coughing
increased amounts of sputum (gray and smelly)
anemia
fever
may have hemoptysis
weight loss
weakness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chest PT
Bronchodilators
Antibiotics
Poor prognosis. Rare condition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Severe inflammation of the lower
airways caused by viral infection. |
|
|
Term
| Bronchiolitis Disease process |
|
Definition
bronchiolar mucosa swells and fills with mucus.
Hyperinflation and obstruction occur Most Common in Children<2 yrs (preemies)
Associated with RSV*
*(Respiratory syncytial virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cough
Respiratory Distress
Cyanosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Episodes of cessation of breathing occurring at transition from NREM to REM with repeated awakenings
Defined as more than five cessations for at least 10 sec each per hour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Central Apnea-related to CNS
Obstructive Apnea-related to obesity etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
narrowed upper A/Ws
obesity
adenoid uvula and tonsil hypertrophy smoking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
snoring
breath cessation
thrashing mov’t of extremities
daytime sleepiness
headaches
personality changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Restrictive Lung Diseases |
|
Definition
(Some type of restriction) limits lung expansion – can not get air
into the lungs |
|
|
Term
Restrictive Lung Diseases
Signs and Symptoms |
|
Definition
Chronic hyperventilation
Initially DOE
Later, dyspnea @ rest
Respiratory muscle fatigue leading to decreased alveolar ventilation and increased CO2 retention
hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
Restrictive Lung Diseases
Causes |
|
Definition
Weakness from Neuromuscular Disease
Interstitial Lung Diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Excessive fibrous tissue in lung that replaces normal tissue due to chronic inflammation
Also known as interstitial lung disease (See causes of Restrictive Lung Diseases) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
healing scar tissue after TB
systemic sclerosis
ARDS = Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Inhalation of toxic substances
~2/3 of cases are idiopathic |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Dx and Prognosis |
|
Definition
RX - corticosteriods
Poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
Systemic Sclerosis and Lung Disease
Def |
|
Definition
Scleroderma-autoimmune disease of
connective tissue with excessive collagen deposition in skin and internal organs
(Skin and organs slowly become thicker and less flexible) |
|
|
Term
Systemic Sclerosis and Lung Disease
Disease progression |
|
Definition
skin changes generally precede visceral
alterations
unpredictable course – ½ develop
interstitial lung disease (AKA Pulmonary Fibrosis) |
|
|
Term
Systemic Sclerosis and Lung Disease
Rx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A variety of conditions including:
*Superficial wounds of the chest wall
*Tension Pneumothorax
*Flail Chest |
|
|
Term
Chest Wall Disease
Pneumothorax |
|
Definition
Occurs when air leaks into the space between your lungs and chest wall, creating pressure against the lung.
The lung can partially or completely collapse. |
|
|
Term
Chest Wall Disease
Flail Chest |
|
Definition
2 or more fxs of adjacent ribs
on the same side or of the sterum, may cause paradoxical mov’t of chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pain meds
mechanical ventilation may be needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of disorders caused by lung damage resulting from inhalation of industrial substances (iron,coal dust, asbestos, silica, talc, beryllium). Exposure over 10 yrs |
|
|
Term
Pneumonconiosis
Disease Process |
|
Definition
Smaller dust particles are more
dangerous-reach smaller airways.
Particles are indestructible and produce
an inflammatory process that results in
excess fibrosis |
|
|
Term
Pneumonconiosis
Signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
Progressive dyspnea-1st DOE then DO rest chest pain
chronic cough
expectoration of mucus |
|
|
Term
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitits
Def |
|
Definition
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis resulting from
– environmental exposure
– mold, sugar cane, fungal spores etc. |
|
|
Term
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitits
Disease Process |
|
Definition
immune complex-mediated and Tcell-mediated
hypersensitivity.
Symptoms begin abruptly with exposure -Occur again with repeat exposure |
|
|
Term
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitits
Signs and Symptoms |
|
Definition
dyspnea
fever
chills
nonproductive cough
Mild fibrous can occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mucosal injury via hot gases (Burns)
asphyxia as 02 is consumed by fire
Burns in upper airway produces
edema and obstruction
-possibility of cascade
-poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inherited disease of exocrine glands. Affects hepatic,digestive, male reproductive system and respiratory
system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Altered chloride and sodium channels
Dehydration with increased viscosity of secretions from mucous glands
-lungs
-pancreas
-intestines
-sweat glands
-pancreatic enzyme insufficiency
-high salt content in sweat |
|
|
Term
CF
Disease Process 2-Pulmonary Aspect |
|
Definition
Progresses from mucus plugging of small airways to bronchitis, then bronchiectasis, pneumonia and
fibrosis; later involves all bronchi |
|
|
Term
CF
Disease Process 3-Pancreatic aspect |
|
Definition
Thick secretion block ducts preventing
enzymes from reaching the -duodenumresults in fatty stools |
|
|
Term
CF
Signs and Symptoms #1 -Pancreatic/digestive aspect |
|
Definition
meconium ileus at birth
prolapse of the rectum
risk of impaction |
|
|
Term
CF
Signs and Symptoms #2 -Pulmonary Aspect |
|
Definition
chronic cough and sputum production
increased risk of infection
reduced oxygen CO2 exchange
acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sweat test (salt content)
stool fat measurements
pancreatic elastase-1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antibiotics
drugs to thin secretions
adequate hydration
nutritional support
pancreatic enzymes
mucolytics
CPT
exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Obstructive-absorptive Type
Compressive Type |
|
|
Term
Atelectasis
Obstructive-absorptive type |
|
Definition
collapse resulting from removal of air
from obstructed or hypoventilated
alveoli |
|
|
Term
Atelectasis
Compressive Type |
|
Definition
collapse due to air, blood or
fluid filling the pleural space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dyspnea
tachypnea
cyanosis
fever
decreased BP
shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
remove cause
suctioning or bronchoscopy
prevention (especially in
postsurgical patients)
breathing exercises
percussion/vibration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid in the lungs which leak into interstitial tissue and in alveoli |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Edema
Causative Factors |
|
Definition
Results from left ventricular failure
Acute HBP
mitral valve disease
Noncardiac causes-liver disorders and kidney disorders in which there is sodium and water retention
Specifically from fluid overload, increased capillary permeability, decreased albumin, and increased lymphatic obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
peristant cough
dyspnea
diaphoresis (sweating)
intolerance to ex.
As fluid increases, these signs become more pronounced.
cough may produce a pink
frothy sputum, wheezing occurs and
resp rate increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clinical presentation and c-xray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Result of injury to the lung by a variety of disorders – a collection of symptoms |
|
|
Term
ARDS
Disease Process Part 1 |
|
Definition
Damage to capillary endothelial cells
and alveolar epithelial cells which
inactivates surfactant and allows fluids, proteins, and cells to leak from capillary |
|
|
Term
ARDS
Disease Process Part 2 |
|
Definition
Leads to pulmonary edema and
alveolar collapse, impairment of lung
compliance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
initially increased resp rate then
dyspnea, hyperventilation, cyanosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exam of ABGs (arterial blood gasses)
and microbiologic cultures
xrays |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treat underlying condition, ventilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unpredictable
pulmonary fibrosis may result
mortality rate is 50-70%
if accompanied with sepsis-90%
-may seem fine in 1st 24hrs then crash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Systemic disease of unknown cause
Granulomas throughout body
Lungs and lymph nodes commonly affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dyspnea, dry cough, fever, skin lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most frequent cause of CA death in the US
Classified as small cell lung CA (SCLC)
or NSCLC |
|
|
Term
Lung Cancer
Four Major Types |
|
Definition
SCLS:
1) Oat Cell
NSCLC:
2) Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3) Adenocarcinoma
4) Large Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
Lung Cancer
Frequency of each type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lung CA
Small Cell (Oat Cell) |
|
Definition
cells become so dense that there is almost no cytoplasm
-compressed into an ovoid mass. Located centrally near hilum.
Rapid growth rate with early mets. Secretes ACTH. |
|
|
Term
Lung CA
Small Cell (Oat Cell) Symptoms |
|
Definition
Early stage symptoms do not differ from
pulmonary sx associated with smoking |
|
|
Term
Lung CA
Small Cell (Oat Cell) Rx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lung CA
NSCLC - Squamous Cell |
|
Definition
Growths arise in central potion of lung
near hilum, projecting into bronchi, have a central cavity,
stays local longer (slower mets) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mod growth rate
growths arise in periphery of lung
early mets |
|
|
Term
Lung CA
Large Cell Carcinoma |
|
Definition
peripheral pulmonary tumors that
cause sharp and significant pleural pain
early mets
poorest prognosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sx also depend on location:
central tumors obstruct airflow
peripheral tumors only produce pain
when pleura is affected, may limit lung
expansion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tumors of apex of lung
invade brachial plexus (shoulder pain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
via xray
CT
lung imaging fluorescence endoscope
bronchoscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surgery with lymph node resection
radiation, and chemo.
Surgery choice in NSCLC and chemo.
Radiation in SCLC with chemo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spread by extension, lymphatics and
through vascular system; often to brain, liver, and bone
(long bones and spine esp T-spine
producing chest shoulder, arm or back pain) |
|
|
Term
Lung CA
Paraneoplastic Syndromes |
|
Definition
effects of malignancy felt remotely-hypercalcemia
osteoarthropathies
DVT |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Def |
|
Definition
| Lodging of blood clot in a pulmonary Artery with subsequent obstruction of blood supply to lung parenchyma |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Risk Factors |
|
Definition
blood stasis 2nd to immobilization
endothelial injury 2nd to surgery
trauma
hypercoagulable states (BCP)
DVT (VTE)
obesity
smoking
HTN
malignancy
fxs of hip or femur |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Signs |
|
Definition
Signs depend on the size of the PE-
homans sign
pleuritic chest pain
persistent cough
hemoptysis
diaphoresis
fever
tachypnea
sudden death |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Prevention |
|
Definition
Prevention is key given high mortality
– LMW Heparin-prevent clot extension
thrombolytic therapy to lyse emboli,
greenfield filter in vena cava |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Implications for PT |
|
Definition
consider the possibility of PE following hip and knee surgery
avoid the following:
restrictive clothing
crossing legs
prolonged sitting
pillow under knees in supine
extreme flexion at hips |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
If DVT or PE has been Dx'd |
|
Definition
no massage to legs
watch for any evidence of bleeding |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Prevention |
|
Definition
bed exercises for the LEs,
compression stockings, early ambulation,
hydration |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Hypertension
Def |
|
Definition
HBP in pulmonary arteries. 5-10 mm Hg
above normal (15-18 mm Hg) |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Hypertension
Types |
|
Definition
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Hypertension
Primary-Cause |
|
Definition
narrowing of pulmonary arterioles
by hypertrophy of smooth muscles |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Hypertension
Secondary-Cause |
|
Definition
| increases in volume or pressure of blood entering the pulmonary arteries |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Hypertension
Sx (both) |
|
Definition
fatigue
tachypnea
cyanosis
dyspnea |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Hypertension
Rx (both) |
|
Definition
oxygen for hypoxemia
digitalis
diuretics |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Hypertension
Prognosis (both) |
|
Definition
| Poor w/o heart-lung transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Also called pulmonary heart disease
Enlargement of right ventricle secondary to pulmonary hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Related to pulmonary disorder
(cough,exertional dyspnea, wheezing). Exercise induced peripheral cyanosis distended neck veins
peripheral edema
Low cardiac output
causes pallor
sweating
hypotension
impaired consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce workload of right ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the pleura caused by infection, injury or tumor |
|
|
Term
Pleurisy
Signs and Symptoms |
|
Definition
Sharp sticking chest pain worse on inspiration, coughing or with movement, also cough, fever, and rapid shallow breathing may be present.
Pleural rub |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diaphragmatic
Wet pleurisy
Dry Pleurisy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refers pain to neck,
supraclavicular fossa, and upper trap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
less likely to cause pain because the
fluid content increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
causes pain due to the the layers
rubbing against each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collection of fluid in the pleural space (space btw. 2 pleural layers)
Any condition that interferes with the drainage or secretion of this fluid will lead to pleural effusion |
|
|
Term
Pleural Effusions
Etiology |
|
Definition
– Transudates
Abnormalities of the hydrostatic or osmotic
pressure
CHF, Cirrhosis with ascities
– Exudates
Increased permeability or trauma
Infection, PE, surgical trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of air or gas in pleural cavity caused by defect in visceral pleura, results in collapsed lung |
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Term
|
Definition
SOB, hypoxia, mediastinal shift
toward the unaffected side compressing
the opposite lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"bleb"
collection of air within layers of viscera pleura
"bulla"
air-filled, thin-walled space within lung (destruction of alveoli) |
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|
Term
Pulmonary Pain Patterns
Tracheobronchial pain |
|
Definition
| referred to sites in the neck and ant chest at the same levels as the points of irritation in the air passages |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Pain Patterns
Bronchi |
|
Definition
| innervated by vagus but finer bronchi and lung parenchyma are free of pain innervation |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Pain Patterns
Diaphragmatic Pleura |
|
Definition
receives dual
pain inervation through phrenic and
intercostal nerves-sharp pain to upper
traps and shoulder |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Pain Patterns
Pleuropulmonary disorders |
|
Definition
substernal or chest over involved lung fields, may radiate to neck, upper traps, shoulder, or upper abdomen. Thoracic back pain occurs with
irritation of the posterior parietal pleura.
May be sharp or stabbing |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary Pain Patterns
Lung CA |
|
Definition
Ant chest with referral to scapula, upper back, shoulder, may radiate
along the medial aspect of arm. Sharp
pleuritic pain |
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|
