Term
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Definition
| non-verbal - 55%, verbal – 45% |
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Term
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Definition
| communication other than through written or spoken language |
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Term
| Types of non-verbal communication |
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Definition
i. Eye contact
ii. Gestures
iii. Movement
iv. Posture
v. Facial expression
vi. Vocal delivery
vii. Personal experience |
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Term
| Non-Verbal Expectancy Theory |
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Definition
| suggest that if listeners expectations about how communication should be expressed are violated, listeners will feel less favorable towards the communicator or message. |
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Term
| Emotional Contagion Theory |
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Definition
| suggests that people tent to “catch” the emotions of others |
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Term
| Importance of Emotional Contagion Theory |
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Definition
| express emotions you want readers to feel |
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Term
| Speech Delivery - Manuscript speaking |
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Definition
reading speech from prepared text.
i. Cons: likely to sound as if being read, takes considerable skill and practice to make message sound interesting.
ii. Pros: can craft message carefully – important if being presented to media, language can be beautifully refined, polished and stylized. |
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Term
| Speech Delivery - Memorized speaking |
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Definition
giving speech from memory without using notes.
i. Cons: may forget speech, may sound over rehearsed and mechanical.
ii. Pros: can have direct eye contact with audience, can move around freely and use gestures while speaking |
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Term
| Speech Delivery - Impromptu speaking |
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Definition
delivering speech without preparing in advance.
i. Cons: likely to be less well-organized and smoothly delivered, lack of advance preparation and research makes it more difficult to cite evidence and supporting material for message.
ii. Pros: can more easily adapt to how audience is reacting to message during speech, audience sees and hears an authentic speech that is spontaneously delivered without notes |
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Term
| Speech Delivery - Extemporaneous speaking |
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Definition
knowing major ideas, which have been outlined, but not memorizing exact wording.
i. Cons: takes time to prepare, takes skill to deliver well.
ii. Pros: well organized and researched, speech sounds spontaneous and yet appropriately polished |
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Term
| Impromptu Speaking guidelines |
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Definition
a. Consider audience
b. Be brief
c. Organize
d. Speak honestly, but with reserve, from personal experience and knowledge
e. Be cautious |
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Term
| Characteristics of Effective Delivery |
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Definition
a. eye contact with audience
b. Culturally appropriate, natural, non-distracting gestures
c. Purposeful, non-distracting, immediacy-cuing movement
d. Straight but natural standing posture, matching intensity of message
e. Culturally appropriate facial expressions, matching message
f. Audible volume, clear articulation, minimized dialect
g. Varied vocal pitch and speaking rate
h. Microphone
i. Clean grooming and clothing appropriate to audience and situation |
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Term
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Definition
| opens communication, keeps audience interested and makes you more believable |
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Term
| Suggested principles of eye contact |
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Definition
a. Have opening sentence well enough in mind - do without looking at your notes or away from your listeners.
b. Establish eye contact with entire audience
c. Look to back and front, side to side
d. Look at individuals, establishing person-to-person contact with them
e. Don’t look over your listeners heads |
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Term
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Definition
a. Repeating
b. Contradicting
c. Substituting
d. Complementing
e. Emphasizing
f. Regulating |
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Term
| Using Gestures Effectively |
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Definition
a. Stay natural
b. Be definite
c. Use gestures that are consistent with message
d. Vary your gestures
e. Don’t overdo it
f. Coordinate gestures with that you say
g. Appropriate gestures |
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Term
| Movement and Posture – purposeful delivery |
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Definition
a. Standing/moving closer to listeners
b. Coming out from behind lectern
c. Eye contact
d. Smile while talking and at individuals
e. Appropriate gestures
f. Relaxed posture
g. Moving purposefully |
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Term
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Definition
| degree of perceived physical or psychological closeness between people |
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Term
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Definition
| making eye contact, appropriate gestures and adjusting physical distance |
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Term
| Diverse Cultural Backgrounds |
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Definition
a. Avoid ethnocentrism
b. Less dramatic style
c. Consult with similar speakers
d. Monitor level of immediacy
e. Monitor expression of emotion
f. Know the code |
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Term
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Definition
a. Spend more time preparing and rehearsing
b. Finish outline two days before
c. Rehearse aloud and time speech before making speaking notes
d. Make rehearsals like real speech
e. Critique video of rehearsal
f. Rehearse with presentation aids |
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Term
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Definition
a. Be well rested
b. Eat carefully
c. Arrive early
d. Visualize success
e. Reinforce confidence |
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