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| infromation from credible research sources that you can use to support your claims. |
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perception on the part of your audience that you're qualified to speak on the topic in question
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| words or terms related to your topic and also synonyms of those words |
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| possession of knowledge necessary to offer reliable facts or opinions about the topic in question. |
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| no bias-prejudice or partisanship- that would prevent someone from making an impartial judgment on your speech's topic. |
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| ability to witness a situation for him or herself. |
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| publications that appear at regular intervals; weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annually. |
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| an editor decides to publish only articles that are approved by other experts in the field and that meet the publication's other requirements. |
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| links to the complete texts of the articles in question |
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| summary of the article's contents |
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| compilations of background information on major topic areas |
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| offer relatively brief entries providing background information on a wide range of alphabetized topics |
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| offer definitions, pronunciation, guides, and sometimes etymologies for words |
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| offer famous notable quotations on a variety of subjects. |
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| provide maps, charts, and tables relating to different geographic regions |
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| updated yearly and contain statistics and other facts about social, political, and economic topics |
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| the "go-to" research option for many college students |
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| contains about 170 trillion bytes of information on its surface, which is 17 times the size of the print collections in the Library of Congress |
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| created by individuals, advocacy groups, clubs, and businesses that may contain incorrect or biased information |
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| specialized programs that continually visit Web pages and index what they find |
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| searches several different search engines at once. |
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| provides commands for making searches more precise. |
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| combine directories and search engines in one |
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| information that is available online but that can't be accessed by standard search engines. |
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| stating something in your own words rather than word-for-word from your source. |
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| reword evidence in a way that better supports your claim but that misrepresents the source's point of view |
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| compiled by human editors who review Web sites and index them into subject categories and subcategories. |
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| different types of information that you use to develop and support your main points |
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| samples or instances that support or illustrate a general claim |
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| gives small details and only slightly describes instance |
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| provides details about the instance being used, giving your audience a deeper and richer picture of your point |
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| provides the meaning of a term as presented in a dictionary. |
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| comes from a person who is a credible source of information on your topic |
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| explains the linguistic origin of the term |
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| explains how something is used or what it does |
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| consists of information provided by the other people. |
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| consists of statements made by credible sources who have professional or other in-depth knowledge of a topic. |
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| consists of statements made by persons with no special expertise in the subject they are discussing |
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| information presented in numerical form |
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| anecdotes or somewhat longer accounts that can be used to support your main points |
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| comparison base on similarities between to phenomena, one that's familiar to the audience and one that is less familiar |
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| those few ideas that are most important for your listeners |
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| materials designed to prove or substantiate your main points |
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| creating a hierarchy of points and their supporting materials in your speech |
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| supporting materials used to develop a main point |
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| supporting materials that support subpoints |
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| each main point is coordinate with other main points |
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| main points represent important aspects of your topic that can be thought of as adjacent to one another in location and geography |
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| you present the information in chronological sequence |
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| help your audience understand the link between particular events and their outcomes |
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| organizes the speech around major similarities and differences between two events, objects, or situations |
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| problem-cause-solution pattern |
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| if you want to ask your audience to take specific action or support a particular policy on an issue |
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| criteria-application pattern |
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| proposes standards for making a judgment about a topic and then applies those standards to the topic |
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| organize your speech as a story |
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| a sentence that indicates you are moving from one part of your speech to the next |
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| words or phrases within sentences that help your audience understand your speech's structure |
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| short list of ideas that will follow |
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| quick review of what you just said about that main point |
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| material intended to capture the audience's interest and start of the speech |
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| one that you want listeners to answer in their heads |
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| brief statement of the main points you will to developing in the body of your speech |
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| brief review of your main points |
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| something that leaves a lasting impression of your speech in your listener' minds. |
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| organizing the points of your speech into a structured form |
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| contains all of the points in your speech written in full sentences or detailed phrases |
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| as you're delivering your talk, you can refer to this to remind yourself of your presentation's structure and key ideas. |
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| present your main points and supporting materials |
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| the author's qualifications the source publication or web page and the date of the publication |
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| words, phrases, or sentences that indicate you are moving from one part of your speech to another |
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| a list of the sources you cited in your speech |
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| speaking from limited notes rather than reading word-for-word from a manuscript or delivering your speech from memory |
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"slow down"
"look up!"
"key points"
"emphasis" |
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| (diction) "I Have A Dream Speech" |
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| exact, literal dictionary definition |
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| associations that come to mind when people hear or read the word |
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| specialized or technical words or phrases familiar to people in a specific field or group |
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| specific and suggest exactly what you mean |
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| general and can be confusing and ambiguous for your audience |
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| extraneous words that make it hard for the audience to follow your message |
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| imagined examples or scenarios that you invite your audience to think about |
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| grabs the attention of your audience with words and phrases that appeal to all the senses |
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| explicit comparisons and contain words such as like or as |
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| word choice that suggests prejudice or preconceptions about other people |
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| critical generalizations about characteristics that members of a group can't change |
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| words that do not suggest a specific gender |
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| combination of verbal and nonverbal communication skills used to present a speech |
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1. volume
2. tone
3. rate
4. variety
5. articulation |
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| nonverbal delivery skills |
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1. gestures
2. eye contact
3. facial expression
4. body movement
5. physical appearance |
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| use of space and distance between yourself and your audience |
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| avoiding using photos or images which the audience members have already seen many times |
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| attempt to influence your audience member's beliefs attitudes or actions |
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| process of selecting arguments that will best achieve your rhetorical purpose in an ethical manner |
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| assert that something is true or false |
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| attach a judgment to a subject |
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| advocate action by organizations institutions or members of your audience |
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| range of positions on a given issue that are acceptable to the audience |
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| range of positions on a given issue that are unacceptable to the audience |
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| pushing your listeners to oppose your idea even more vigorously than they already do |
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| objects they desire and feelings that must be satisfied |
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| "core conceptions" of what is desirable for our own life and for society |
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| you acknowledge an argument against your thesis and then use evidence and reasoning to refute that argument |
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| viewpoints that people have held closely often for many years |
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| viewpoints that people have not held closely often for many years |
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1) attention
2) need
3) satisfaction
4) visualization
5) action |
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