Topical

chronological

causal

compare/contrast

spatial

capturing the audiences attention;

introducing the topic and thesis;

create audience connection;

establish credibility;

preview main points

marker to take listener from body to conclusion; reinforce the thesis;

reinforce main points;

provide other closing material (take-away);

finish with memorable and planned clincher

1. Values (organ donor/abortion),

2. Belief (god, religion),

3. Policy (drinking age/legalizing marijuana),

4. fact (growing up is harder for girls than it is for boys)

strategy- listener centered mindset, topic, time management, energy, ethics;

Structure- finalize thesis, organize/outline message, introduce/summarize ideas;

Structure- appropriate/relevant research, narratives, visuals, establish/maintain credibility, maintain listener engagement;

Style- method of delivery, personalized speaking notes, practice, body language, emphasis, language.

1. Linking- connecting one topic to the next

2. Internal Summary- summary of the point you just talked about

3. internal preview- clips of what is to come 4. sign post- signal words (next...)

Noise

Channel (Mass Media)

--->

Sender                  Message             Reciever

<---

Verbal/nonverbal feedback

     ^                                                  ^

Noise                                                 Noise

1. General- random gathering of people

2. Homogeneous- people gathered with purpose or something in common

A technique for generating a large number of ideas; it can be used for finding a speech topic or a solution to a problem.

Any idea put fourth is accepted.

1. Incremental- swiping parts of another person's work and incorporating those elements at various points into your work without citing the original source

2. Patchwork- taking pieces from several sources, patching them together as a new whole, and passing it off as your own

3.Global- stealing another person's work in its entirety and passing it off as your own. 

a type of listening that requires a high level of energy to stay engaged in the communication interaction.

Conscious decision to listen.

a disruption in the flow of words; includes stumbling, hesitations and utterances such as uh, like, um.

Any pronunciation that gets mixed together

A word you use over and over again that does not add anything to the speech.

includes but not limited to, uh, like, um

Illustrator: natural 

Emblem: directly represents a word.

The clarity with which a speaker produces individual speech sounds. 

complete and accurate pronunciation.

1. Impromptu- speaker presents with little or no preperation

2. Extemporaneous- speaker talks conversationally from prepared key words and phrases in his or her speaking notes.

3. Manuscript- speaker reads from a fully prepared text

4. Memorized- speaker commits a prepared manuscript to memory and then recites it.

Hearing- Biological Process

Attending- biological to cognitive (deciding to listen)

Interpretation- understanding

Response- responding (verbal/nonverbal)

a perceived quality based on a speaker's character that directly influences the listeners willingness to receive and accept the speakers ideas. It's one of three classical persuasive strategies identified by the greek philosopher Aristotle. 

Speaker's creditbility

1. Toast- speech that briefly honors a person or an event.

2. Speech of introduction- speech that prepares an audience for an upcoming speaker or event

3. Speech of Tribute- speech that pays honor or respect to another person

4. Speech of Commemoration- speech that recognizes an event, a place, or an idea.

5. Speech of Acceptance- speech given by someone receiving an award or honor

6. Speech to inspire- speech that encourages, moes, or rouses listeners to create positive change.

A format for persuasive speakers who want listeners to reconsider a predisposition, firm up a present commitment, or move to action; the sequence relies on five steps

Outline used for motivational speech.

Attention- what you want done

      need- why it should be done/ the problem

  satisfaction- how it will help/satisfy problem

visualization- showing results

     action- call to action

A theory of Abraham Maslow that says that people are motivated by a range of needs; speakers can apply this theory for persuasive effect. 

An upward move towards higher needs is what motivates people to alter their beliefs or actions.