Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Public Health
Exam 3
36
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
04/02/2011

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is "Black Measles"?
Definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Term
How is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever transmitted?
Definition

Vector - Dog Ticks 

Direct or by self-innoculation

 

NO Person to person, NO animal to animal,

NO animal to person

Term
What clinical signs are associated with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Definition

Typically asymptomatic 

In humans, rash on palms and soles with flu like symptoms

Term
How can Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever be diagnosed?
Definition
Serology: ELISA, PCR, IFA, isolation, antibody titer
Term

When testing for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, you should wait to start treatment until the results come back in order to run accurate titers. 

 

True or False?

Definition

FALSE

 

The mortality rate is up to 25% without treatment.

It can also take up to 3 weeks to get results back.

Term

A higher concentration of DEET provides longer time of efficacy.

 

True or False?

Definition

TRUE 

 

It does NOT give STRONGER protection

Term
What gives the Plague its virulence?
Definition

Fra 1 (F1)

PLA (plasminogen activator)

Term

Transmission of the Plague from fleas is more likely when the flea has a blood clot in the GI. 

 

True or false?

Definition
TRUE 
Term

When was Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever first recorded?

When was it clinically recognized?

Definition

1896 - first recorded 

1920s - clinically recognized 

Term
When were the plague pandemics?
Definition

540 AD (egypt)

1347 (Europe)

1664 (London)

1950s

1994 (India, 53 deaths)

Term
When did plague first enter the US?
Definition
1900 - primarily through ground squirrels
Term
How is plague classified? Is it a reportable disease?
Definition
it is a Class 1 quarantinable disease, and yes it is reportable.
Term
How is Yersinia Pestis transmitted?
Definition

The plague is primarily transmitted by flea bites, direct animal contact and aerosol. 

 

Bubonic and salvatic forms 

Term
What are the 4 states that plague is primarily found in the US?
Definition

NM

CO

AZ

CA

Term
Most cases of the plague are in what form?
Definition
Bubonic (80-95%) 
Term

How many cases of yersinia pestis are there annually in the world?

What about in the US only?

Definition

1000-3000 cases annually

13 in the US annually

Term
Which animal is the biggest vector for yersinia pestis?
Definition

Prairie dogs and ground squirrels

 

Term
What form of the plague is primarily found in rodents?
Definition
Sylvatic (wild type) - there are steady levels in the rodent population. 
Term
How can plague be diagnosed ?
Definition

4 fold antibody titer increase

single titer greater than 1:128

isolation (bipolar coccibacilli)

F1 antigen detection by FA

Term
What is the survival rate of infections with Yersinia pestis?
Definition

Humans:

100% with treatment 

10% fatal if untreated

Rodents, cats = fatal 

Farm animals and dogs = resistant 

 

Term
What is the carnivorous source of yersinia pestis infection for humans?
Definition

CATS 

spread via pneumonic, bubonic, bite, scratch

Term
How is yersenia pestis infections of wils prairie dogs and ground squirrels controlled?
Definition
Prometrin soaked cotton, controls the fleas in wild rodents
Term
Who discovered the Herpes B Virus?
Definition
Dr. William Brebner in 1932
Term
What is the clinical presentation of Herpes B virus in humans?
Definition

Neurological signs 

Fatal ascending encephalomyelititis

Vesicular rash at sight of transmission

Term
How is Herpes B virus transmitted?
Definition

Primates shed the virus in saliva, genital secretions, conjunctival secretions, CSF fluids, feces, 

Sexual, oral,

Bites, scratches, aerosol, fomites

(respiratory and vertical transmission rare)

 

Term
Which species of Asian Old World monkeys have the highest rate of infections?
Definition

Macaca

- Rhesus monkeys

Term
How can Herpes B virus be diagnosed in humans?
Definition

isolation

PCR

serology

Term
What is the treatment for infections with Herpes B Virus for humans?
Definition

There is NO FDA approved treatment 

But PEP treatments should be started immediately 

There is also NO vaccine

 

PEP: Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir

Antiviral therapy

Ganciclovir for neuro signs

Term
Who changed the name to Herpes B virus?
Definition

Albert Sabin - this is the guy who also developed the live polio vaccine.

He changed it from "W virus" to "B virus" 

Term

Which type of contaminated needle pricks have the lowest chance of infection with Herpes B virus?

A) Mucosa

B) Blood

C) Ocular secretions

D) CNS fluids

Definition

Answer: B) Blood 

the rest have a rather high risk of infection 

Term
What is the clinical presentation of Herpes B Virus in non-human primates?
Definition

There are usually mild to inappearent signs, LATENT.

"cold sores" of the lips, tongue, mouth, genitals.

NO neuro signs 

Term
What is the Bio Safety Level for Herpes B virus?
Definition
3 or 4
Term

If exposed to Herpes B virus by a bite wound, what is the protocol that should be followed?

 

Definition

WASH the wound IMMEDIATELY for 15 minutes 

Wash with detergent solution for another 15 minutes 

Initiate PEP right away!

 

Term
What are some controlled drugs that would need to be keep in a safe and only used under veterinarian supervision?
Definition

Carfentanil (Wildnil), Etorphine (M99),

and other class 5 drugs 

Term

Which is more potent?

 

Carfentanil (Wildnil) or Etorphine (M99)

 

Definition
Carfentanil - it is 10,000 times more potent than morphine.  It can be potentially fatal if accidental human exposure occurs. 
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