Term
|
Definition
| The prevention, treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health profession. |
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|
Term
| Four phases of development of Health Care |
|
Definition
1. Development of hospitals in 1850s
2. The introduction of scientific methods (1900s)
3. The growinging interest in the social and organizational structures of the heath care system (WWII)
4. Reorganization of the methods of financing and delivering care (1980) to restrict growth |
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Term
|
Definition
Started in 1850s
Symbolized the institutionalization of the health care system
Health care personnel and technology began to cluster
This brought centralization and order of the health care system. |
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Term
| Introduction of Scientific Method |
|
Definition
Before this time, medicine was based on unproven generalitie and good experience
After 1900, medicine acquired a solid scientific base.
This was enhanced by the opening of the first medical school. |
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Term
| Growing Interest in the Social and Organizational Structure |
|
Definition
After WWII, major attention was directed towards financing the health care system.
Development of Blue Cross and Blue Shield health insurance plans
Rapid increase in power of the federal government
> NIH + Hill Burton Act |
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Term
|
Definition
| No segregation; 4.5 beds per 1000 person |
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Term
|
Definition
| In 1946, the research grant office was created to fund research |
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Term
| Growing Interest in the Social and Organizational Structure |
|
Definition
War on Poverty: Health care is a right not a privilege.
Implementation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965 |
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Term
| Reorganization of the methods of financing and delivering care |
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Definition
Before this phase, the health care system was assumed to be always growing and there is sufficient resources to support
Reimbursement policies from Medicare and private insurance forced hospitals to provide less for patients
Smaller size, greater efficiency and control of health care cost
Managed care started to expand |
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Term
|
Definition
Market Ecoomics
Organizations to provide reviews of the quality of patient care has emerged |
|
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Term
| What were the advancements of the Health field from 1850s to 1900s? |
|
Definition
Insulin discovery of management of chronic illnesses
Pernicious Anemia: Deficiency of B12; dietary illness
Penicillin: Increased treatment for acute illness. Many acute illnesses of the time arose from poor hyigene
Obstetrics: Increased woman's survival rate during birth |
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Term
| Fill in the blank: Predominant concern became _____ because people are living longer |
|
Definition
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Term
| Obesity treads among U.S. adults |
|
Definition
the first epidemic to be clear and easy to track
60 millions adults are obese 1:3
The rate doubled since 1980 |
|
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Term
| Chronic Illness vs Acute Ilness |
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Definition
Chronic illness begins early in life long before clinical symptoms appears
Chronic illness not cured, it is managed.
Acute ilness has a clear cut beginning, middle, and an end.
> contamination of water, Polio
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|
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Term
|
Definition
Misconception of "Fat-Free" products
People confused fat-free labels
Low-carb diets (Atkins) are good ideas
Our culture makes it difficult to sit down
Bad nutrition is not eating a balenced diet |
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Term
|
Definition
Cannot be accomplished by a single lecture
Prevention must be long term |
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Term
| Technology of the 1850s-1900 |
|
Definition
Recovery depended more on the patient than on the medication or the treatment
> Poorly trained physicians
-Apprentice
-Unsophicated medical college
-They offered only what is in the black bag
>Poorly trained nurses
-Religious group volunteers
-Frequent vistors to the institutions
-Assisting patients in a non-scientific way
>Poorly equipped hospitals
-Patients preferred to stay home
-Direct threat to patient |
|
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Term
|
Definition
BMI: 30 or higher
Body fat:
Waist Circumference (associated with diabetes, hypertension)
Visceral (at organs) vs. Subcutaneous fat |
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Term
| What are the Limitation in resources |
|
Definition
Increase expenditures in Medicare lead to reduction of benefits, greater cost sharing by recipients, and limitations on reimbursements to providers
Shifted focus of medicare from expansion and develpment to reduction
Changes in reimbursements lead to hospitals and doctors provide less services and less patient
Private sector; reduction of coverage and choices |
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Term
|
Definition
A measure of adult's weight in relation to his/her height
The weight in Kg divided by the square of height in meters
(25 - 29.9 if considered overweight) Adults
(BMI 30 or higher is considered obese) Adults
BMI based on percentage of other children as well. |
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Term
|
Definition
8th-95th percentile; risk of overweight
BMI age > 95th percentiles (2+)
Weight for length > 95th percentiles |
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Term
| What is Adiposity Rebound |
|
Definition
Point of minimal BMI just before a gradual increase of BMI (4- 6 years old)
To Observe if the child is developing signs of faster than normal weight gain
This occurs if the child shows adiposity rebound |
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Term
| What is going on with obesity trends for kids? |
|
Definition
Not enough physical actiities:
400 mins/10 days of PE for highschoolers
200/10 days for elementary
Number of overweight children is indirectly related to the amount of physical activity reinforced in schools.
1/10 preschool children is over weight (2-5)
1/7 (6-11)
1/7 in middle and high school children is overweight
9 million children |
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Term
|
Definition
fat localized in the upper body
-abdominal fat
-higher fatty acid accessibility in blood
visceral |
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Term
|
Definition
Lower body fat
-Accumulation of fat in the femoral and gluteal areas
-More resistant to lipolytic stimuli
Hormal effect |
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Term
| Adipose Tissue Development |
|
Definition
Hypertropy: fat cells become larger in obese individual
Hyperplasma: more number of fat cells |
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Term
|
Definition
An imbalance between calories intake from food and beverage and calories expenditures
The influences is due to many factors: Genetics, Behavior and Environment
Ecological System Theory Model:
- Culture and Society
-Industry, Government
-Community
-School and Peers
-Family and Home
Child |
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Term
|
Definition
Changes in individuals are not only affected by personal factors
It is also affected by the interactions with the larger, social, cultural and environmental. |
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Term
| How does one address obesity? |
|
Definition
changing knowledge, attitudes, and belief
Individuals can find the support guidance they need to start making healthful choices |
|
|
Term
Provide Examples of the following of the Ecological Systems Theory Model:
Interpersonal groups, Organizations, Communities, Society |
|
Definition
Interpersonal: Friends, family, and clubs
Organization: School, work, place of worships, sports team, volunteer groups.
Communities: Making changes to policies
Give residents possible access to healthful foods and places to be physically active
Improvements of parks, distribution of nutrients
Society:
Nutrition and physical activity legislation
Statewide school policies, media campaign |
|
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Term
| Genetic Factors of obesity |
|
Definition
Increase susceptibility to overweight
Exists in conjunction with contributing and behavioral factors
High energy intake and low physical activities |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Prader-Willi Syndrome
-Very rare disease where 7 genes are missing
-1 in 12,00
Exteme insatiable appetite resulting in morbid-obesity
Abnormal functioning of the hypothalamus |
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Term
|
Definition
Energy intake
Physical activity
Sedentary behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Large portion sizes
Eating meals away
Frequent snaking
Food and beverage with added sugar
Though beverages contain energy, they are less satiating |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Important for regulating Cardiovascular functions and bones
Children are spending less time engaged in physical activity during school |
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Term
| List some health consequences of obesity |
|
Definition
Hypertension
Osteoarthritis
Dyslipidemia
Type 2 diabetes
Coronary heart disease
Menstrual abnormalities
Asthma
Stroke Gallbladder diseases
Sleep apnea
Respiratory Problem
Endometrial, breast, and colon cancer
Orthopedic problems
Skin disorders: Infection from sweat not able to escape |
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Term
| Lipid Associated Abnormalities |
|
Definition
Total Cholestrol> 200
Triglyceride > 150
HDL < 40 M and 50 F
Elevated free fatty acid
Elevated fasting > 100 mg / dl (5mM)
Elevated fasting insulin > 5uU/ml (40 pM)
OGTT alternations
> 2 hours |
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Term
| Risk of Overweight in Adulthood |
|
Definition
Social Health:
Stigma
Negative stereotype
Discrimination
Teasing and bullying
Social marginalization
Emotional Health
Low Self-Esteem
Negative body image
Depression
More girls than boys ; More whites in Hispanics
Social and emotional impact (16-24) completed less years in school and earned less money |
|
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Term
| Why has obesity increased in the past few decades |
|
Definition
Avaliability of inexpensive, palatable, and energy dense foods
Larger portion size
High fat intake
High refined sugar
lower fruits, vegetable and fiber intake |
|
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Term
| Changes in Energy expenditure |
|
Definition
Lower physical activity of daily living
Lower leisure time physical activity
higher sedentary behavior |
|
|
Term
| How does obesity affect cells? |
|
Definition
Fat cells hypertrophy in obese individuals and hyperplamsa
Lost of weight, it appears number of fat cells does not |
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Term
| What are the two types of excerise and how do they affect fat |
|
Definition
Aerobic; increase fat mobilization; subject with higher abdominal fat lose more visceral AT
Loss of abdominal fat proportion to metabolic improvement
Greater preservation of LBM
Excerise; via resistance activity
Increase LBM |
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Term
| Factors affecting food choices |
|
Definition
Taste
Cost
Covenience
Social Factors
Culture
Habit
Emotion
Nutritional benefits |
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|
Term
|
Definition
During caloric restriction, the dieter assumes that daily energy expenditure remains relatively unchanged
The energy cost of physical activity decreases and body mass decreases
The body tends to protect itself from weight loss by lowering resting metabolism
Lower resting metabolic rate with rate loss is higher than can be attributed to the loss body mass
Diet becomes progressivey less effective and weight loss becomes less predicted from energy balance diet |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Theory behind the diet is to increase fat mobilization
Increase production of ketones, decreases appetite and is excreted by urine
Major concern is the long term risk that disease may result
Atheletic individual is inability to train at high-intensity
Amino acid from muscle used in attempts to maintain blood glucose, resulting in loss of LBM
Overall ketogenic diets are unnecessary to facilitate fat loss |
|
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Term
|
Definition
The number of meals consumed daily can affect metabolism
Increase meal frequencies can reduce cholesterol, LDL and insulin
Maintain saftely and lower insulin levels, facilitating fat loss |
|
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Term
| Diet induced Thermogenesis |
|
Definition
Thermal effect of food; energy is used to metabolize energy consumed
Fat has low thermic effect and body has easy time storing it
Complex carbs and protein has a higher metabolism and is required to digest and absorb these foods |
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Term
| Guidelines for Weight Reduction/Maintenance |
|
Definition
Avoid severe caloric restrictions
Increase energy output
Reduce saturated fat, increase low/moderate GI, unrefined carb and lean protein
Increase fiber and antioxidant intake
increase meal sequence
incorporation modification/stress reduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Activity, Moderation, Personalization, Proportionality, Variety
Activity represented by step and the person climbing
Moderation: each food group narrows towards the top
The base represents foods with little or no solid fats, added sugar.
Narrow top more sugar and fats; eat more if you active more
Personalization:
Estimate for food YOU need daily
Proportionalility: The different food group bands are shown by different widths
Variety; different colors represent different food group |
|
|
Term
| Benefits of Physical Activity |
|
Definition
Cardiovascular system: Plasma Lipoid Profile, Coronary Atery Disease, Atheroscloersis,
Musculoskeletal Higher bone mass, less osteoporosis, joint stability, Less Body fat percentage
Psychological and emotional well-being
-less stress, less symptoms of depression and anxiety, more self-esteem
Benefits of Physical Activity
Chronic disease prevention, less hypertension and diabetes. |
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Term
| Managed Care (Techniques) |
|
Definition
| Variety of techniques used to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve quality of care |
|
|
Term
| How does managed care reduce uncreassary care cost? |
|
Definition
Programs for reviewing medical necessity for specific services
Increased beneficiary cost sharing
Controls of inpatient admission and length of stay
Incentives for outpatient surgery
Contracting with health care providers
Intensive management of high cost health care cases |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Employers with 25 employees or more to offer federally certified HMO options |
|
|
Term
| Components of Managed Care |
|
Definition
Purchaser: Federal, Employer, State
Health insurance plans: Organization licensed by their state
create the benefits package market the plan and enroll beneficiaries
Providers; Licensed healthcare professor
Deliver the service
Patients: Recepient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prefered Provider Organization: fee for service
Health Maintainance Organization: per capita; cost sharing
Indepdent Practice Association: Group of physicians who may have contracts with multiple insurance plans. Capitation. Physicians maintain independent status and still able to see patients with different insurance plans.
Points of Service: Combination of HMO and PPO; higher copay
Indemity:
Any provider
High premium
Low deductible
Low copay
No limitation
Providers are paid for all services |
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Term
|
Definition
Health insurance for Aged and disabled
Established in 1965
Federal Entitlement
Financanced by payroll tax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
65 and over who worked over 40 quarters
Disabled for 24 or more months
End stage Renal Disease
Buy into |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Part A: Hospital Insurance
B: Supplemental medical Insurance
C private medical insurance
D Prescription Drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Avaliable to 65+
Disable for 24 months or more
Reimburses for
Hspital stays or services
Post hospital stays (nursing homes)
home health
Hospice benefits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Optionally avaliable to 65+ entitled to part A
Permanent resident (>5 years)
Disabled person entitled to part A
Monthly Premium
Benefits: Part A plus
Physician and nursing services
Diagnoistics test
Radiology and pathology services
Blood transfusion
Medical equipment
Physical, speech and occupational therapy
Outpatient mental Health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medicare plus Choice
- Dental, vision, gym, prescription drug
Lower copay
Receive benefits through private health insurance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medicare hospital trust will become insolvent in 2019
Aging population
Fraud |
|
|
Term
| What is medicaid and what are the qualification |
|
Definition
Joint State and federal program
Pregnant woman and children t or below 200% FPL
Children at or below 133% FPL depends on age
Supplmentary security Income
Temporary Assistance to Needy family
Other medically needed
65 or older. |
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Term
| What are medical benefits |
|
Definition
Hospital inpatient care
Outpatient care
skilled nursing care
equipment and supplies
therapy doctor visits
laboratory test
X-rays
pharmaceuticals
medical transportation
Dental, vision and mental health care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fee for service plans or managed care
Health Net- Commericial plan
LA care Helaht plan - Local initiative, including kaiser, Blue Cross, UHP healthcare |
|
|
Term
| What defines a successful module? |
|
Definition
Basic needs are being met
Archives lesson goal
Runs smooth
Children are ENGAGED in project
Sparks something positive or unexpected |
|
|
Term
| Maslow Hierarchy of Needs |
|
Definition
| Physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self actualization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Environment
2. Planning
3. Delivering
4. Evaluations |
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|
Term
| Steps to Success: Environement |
|
Definition
1. Physical: Get to know your site & Safety first
2. Atmosphere: Set clear limits, set routine, clear expectation
Atmosphere:
Set clear limits
Have a set routine
Have clear expectations |
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|
Term
| Steps to Success: Planning |
|
Definition
Prepare
Be Organizaed
Schedule and Flexibility
Transitions
Back-up Plans
Age- Appropriate
Adress all learning styles
Relatable experiences |
|
|
Term
| What are the different Learning Styles |
|
Definition
1. Multiple Intelligence; Not How smart are you, but How are you smart?
2. Visual Aids
3. Hands on Learning
4. Encourages different ways to show knowledge
5. Partners or Small groups
6. Souvenirs to take home |
|
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Term
| Basic Lesson Plan steps are |
|
Definition
1. Intro
2 Through: Teach to different learning style
3. beyond: practice with an activity
4. Closing: Share, discuss, assess |
|
|
Term
| Steps to Success:Delivery |
|
Definition
1. Keep attention/ High interest
2. Demonstrate enthusiasm
3. Use kids prior knowledge
4. Ask leading questions
5. Be CLEAR and concise
6 Use age-approiate language
7. Provide quality interaction Time |
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|
Term
| Steps to Success: Delivery: Ways to Teach |
|
Definition
Show a visual (chart/poster)
Read a story or an excerpt
Watch a video clip
Play a song
"Lecture"
No Matter What:
Building on prior knowledge
Ask for student iput
10 minutes |
|
|
Term
| Steps to Success: Delivery: Follow-up Activities |
|
Definition
Collage
Poster/Art
Board Game
Comic Strip
Dialogue
Newscast
Crossward
Word Search
Venn Diagram
Re-Teaching
Write a song or rap
Poem
Worksheet
Jeopardy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Share
Assess
Discuss
Sourenirs to take home
Improve and adjust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Foster self-esteem
2. Praise should be genuine and specific
3. I like the way. . ..
4. Internal Motivation as ultimate goal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Environment/Planning
2. Routines
3. Clear Expectations
4. Set limits and stick to them
5. Designated seating
6. Help each other; know when you are at your limit and ask someone else for help. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Anger
2. Power
3. Revenge
4. Feeling inadequate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Avoid labeling
The behavior is bad, not the kid
Use I statements
Say I don't like the choice you made
Say You need to. . . instead of Don't and No! |
|
|
Term
| Irgnore the small stuff then. . . |
|
Definition
limit choices
Verbal warning
redirection
give time for thoughtful reflect/calming down
non-verbal signals
behavioral contract
The minute you enter a power struggle, you already lost. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct eye contact
firm tone
appropriate pauses
slow pace of talking
active listening
adequate calm
ample distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
You feel
It seems to you
You believe
What I hear you saying
You mean
Could it be that
Let me see if I understand
I wonder if is it possible that
What I think I'm hearing is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Four R; Reasonable
Related
Respectful
Revealed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Consistency is the key
No empty threats
Being fair doesn't always mean being equal
Firmness- be in control
You are authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Foster self-esteem
2. Praise should be genuine and specific
3. I like the way. . ..
4. Internal Motivation as ultimate goal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Environment/Planning
2. Routines
3. Clear Expectations
4. Set limits and stick to them
5. Designated seating
6. Help each other; know when you are at your limit and ask someone else for help. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Anger
2. Power
3. Revenge
4. Feeling inadequate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Avoid labeling
The behavior is bad, not the kid
Use I statements
Say I don't like the choice you made
Say You need to. . . instead of Don't and No! |
|
|
Term
| Irgnore the small stuff then. . . |
|
Definition
limit choices
Verbal warning
redirection
give time for thoughtful reflect/calming down
non-verbal signals
behavioral contract
The minute you enter a power struggle, you already lost. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
direct eye contact
firm tone
appropriate pauses
slow pace of talking
active listening
adequate calm
ample distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
You feel
It seems to you
You believe
What I hear you saying
You mean
Could it be that
Let me see if I understand
I wonder if is it possible that
What I think I'm hearing is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Four R; Reasonable
Related
Respectful
Revealed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Consistency is the key
No empty threats
Being fair doesn't always mean being equal
Firmness- be in control
You are authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
World Health Organization
- The directing and coordinating authority within health of the UN system
-Responsible for providing leadership on global health matters |
|
|
Term
| Criteria of Ranking of health Care Systems |
|
Definition
Overall good health (Low infant rate, adjusted life expectancy)
Fair distribution of good Health
Level of responsiveness
Fair Distribution fo responsiveness
Fair distribution of financing |
|
|
Term
| US is ranked for being the most expensive health care system because. . . |
|
Definition
| Expensive technology, Prescription drugs, high administrative cost, rise of uninsured and abused |
|
|
Term
| Explain the US system of Health care |
|
Definition
Funded by public and private
59% of Americans receive their health insurance coverage by an employer
Must pay out of pocket in full for all services
Managed care
Government Programs |
|
|
Term
| Problems of the healthcare system |
|
Definition
Access
high cost
Fairness
Effectiveness
Declining choices
Increase control in health care decisions by managed care companies
Shortage of nursing |
|
|
Term
| Solution for problems with the healthcare system |
|
Definition
Single payer system to reduce the administrative cost, does not rule out private insurance since a single payer system will provide basic insurance plan
Immunization - Primary
Early detection - Secondary
Education - tertiary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proposed by senator Sheila Kuehl
Single payer system that covers all of Cali
Similar to Medicare
Gives the freedom to choose any provider
Insurance companies don't like because it takes their role away
Employers pay 8%
Employees pay 4%
No co-pay
No deductible |
|
|
Term
| Describe Obama Health Care Plan |
|
Definition
Make healthcare more affordable
Make health insurers more accountable
Expand to cover all Americans
Stabilize family budget, Federal, and economy
Fully implemented by 2014 by income taxes |
|
|
Term
| Current Problem with the system |
|
Definition
Health care is too expensive; premiums double, 14K a year for a family of 4, population is aging,
System is full of holes; can be turned down if pre-existing conditions, charged more if employees are sick, lifetime limits on benefits,
too many uninsured individuals. |
|
|
Term
What are the two phases?
Describe each |
|
Definition
Phase 1: Now to 2014
Limit spending by insurancing companies to control rising cost
Make services free by insurance companies
More help for medicare recipients in drug purchases
Allow people to remain on parents plan until 26
Tax breaks for businesses to help pay for health insurance
No lifetime limits
Kids with pre-existing conditions cannot be turned down
Government help with high risk individual
Phase 2: 2014
Expansion on medicaid to cover more low income individuals
Depending on income, one cane eligible for health insurance tax credit.
People cannot be turned down by any insurance companies for being sick
Fines will be imposed for not buying
39 million uninsured will have coverage
Creation of Insurance Exchange |
|
|
Term
| Affordibility of Obama Care |
|
Definition
Individuals have many choices;
Current plan, Public Option, Health Insurance Exchange
How much All this will cost?
ALOT; 2% of the federal budget; 983 billion dollars in the next 10 years.
Promise that this will not drive the deficit further
Where is money coming from?
Limit on Medicare reimbursement to providers
More taxes; higher income tax for rich
More on high end benefit plans
drugs and medical devices
tanning salons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3:30 - 5:30
Leave UCLA 2:30
Pre-Brief
Homework 3:30 -4:30
4:30 - 5:30 Module Presentation
Post Brief
Back by 6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Interns
Site Supervisors
Site Coordinators
Board |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Closed toed shoes
Pants/shorts
no hats
appropriate clothing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Be positive role model
Be enthusiastic
Be supportive
Common sense; language, appropriate clothing, gun, cellphones |
|
|
Term
| What to do with scheduling conflicts ? |
|
Definition
Reasons to miss site; email Dr. Esdin cc to TEACH account
Make up |
|
|
Term
| How to complete this module presentation form? |
|
Definition
Detail! So someone else can give it
Less lecture more activity, interactive
Will it interest the kids? Can they understand?
Getting help;
Site Coordinators, program development, 15 minute excerise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Problem Statement,
Resources,
Objectives
Methods
Evaluations |
|
|
Term
| How many drafts are needed? |
|
Definition
| 1st due a week in advance, 2 if needed. Final before the module presentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Know your age group
Be understanding, don't lose your cool
Dealing with outburst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Set boundaries
Mentor/Mentee
Remember why you are there. |
|
|
Term
| How do you make a good objective? |
|
Definition
Specific
Measureable
Attainable
Realistic
Timing |
|
|
