Term
| budgeting is never __________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| authrative allocation of resources and values |
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Term
| what were the three options to the debt crisis |
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Definition
| 1) go ove cliff 2) comprehensive tax reform 3) nibble at it |
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Term
| what was the worst-case scenario to the 2012 debt crisis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what political event happened that complicated the 2012 debt crisis |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the fiscal cliff not a cliff perse? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| american taxpayers relief act |
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Term
| how long did they have to pass the atra and how long did it take |
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Definition
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Term
| what did the atra 2012 change |
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Definition
| 450,000 was the new number for couples and a 2% increase in payroll tax |
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Term
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Definition
| a fix. dealt with revenue and not spending or debt |
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Term
| why is budgeting complicated? |
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Definition
| different budget cycles and deficits |
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Term
| what tricks do they use to get around budget problems |
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Definition
| paygo, sequestring, omnibus resolutions |
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Term
| what percent is foreign aid |
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Definition
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Term
| how big is the military budget |
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Definition
| 7 times higher than the next highest country |
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Term
| what percent of domestic spending is illegal to touch and is auto-cut |
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Definition
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Term
| has taxes gone up recently? |
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Definition
| its actually gone down because of inflation |
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Term
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Definition
| greater burden on the poor |
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Term
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Definition
| greater burden on the rich |
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Term
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Definition
| tells you what to spend and how to spend it |
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Term
| where did the word budget come from? |
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Definition
| middle ages, bouget or bougette, exchequer |
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Term
| what percent of the budget is disrectionary? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percent of the budget is used to pay interest on the debt? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percent of the mandatory spending goes to social security, unemployment & labor? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percent of the mandatory spending goes to medicare and health? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percent is military spending? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the number one function of a budget? |
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Definition
| balance revenues and expenditures |
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Term
| in budgeting, someone should be ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| budgets should have descriptions of |
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Definition
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Term
| budgets should have a _______ _______ to make sure the budget stands |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the role of politics in budgeting should be minimal. Budgeting should be efficient. |
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Term
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Definition
| make decisions bit by bit |
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Term
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Definition
| full information about everything |
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Term
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Definition
| limits on your ability to gather full information |
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Term
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Definition
| use research & data to inform our decisions |
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Term
| interest groups promote _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some methods to measure size of public or private sectors? |
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Definition
| # of employees, revenue, spending |
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Term
| what are reasons for growth in public or private sectors |
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Definition
policy change
wagner's law - societal economic growth requires activities only government can do |
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Term
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Definition
| consume resoures that would go to the private sector |
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Term
| nonexhaustive expenditures |
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Definition
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Term
| 12 of 25 top organizations sorted by revenue are |
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Definition
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Term
| government revenues as a % _____ is a better measure for public sector |
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Definition
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Term
| what was one of the earliest budgets |
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Definition
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Term
| what signed the magna carta |
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Definition
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Term
| what two forces had tension over the signing of the magna carta |
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Definition
| the executive and legislative |
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Term
| what did the bill of rights in 1688 |
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Definition
| basically no taxation without representation |
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Term
| what did james madison want the govenment to be |
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Definition
| strong powerful but limited |
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Term
| why was the legislative branch the most powerful during james madison's time? |
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Definition
| no one wanted a strong king |
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Term
| what change occured in 1865? |
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Definition
| seperate house approations commitee. |
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Term
| what does the house approations committee do? |
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Definition
| tells how to spend the money |
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Term
| what change occured in 1885? |
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Definition
| the house approations committee seperated into 8 different committees |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what changes occured during the 1890's progressive era? |
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Definition
| state & local budgets show how money is spent, line-item budgeting |
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Term
| what power was given to congress in 1913? |
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Definition
| power to print money. federal reserve |
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Term
| what power was given to congress in 1917? |
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Definition
| power to pay debts to treasury |
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Term
| why did the budgeting and accounting act of 1921 pass? |
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Definition
| huge increase in government spending |
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Term
| what three things happend that increased the government's spending in 1921? |
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Definition
1) panama canal - spanish american war
2) defecit
3) less customs fees |
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Term
| what created the bureau of the budget |
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Definition
| the budget and accounting act of 1921 |
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Term
| what does the breau of the budget do? |
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Definition
| they create the presidents budget |
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Term
| what did the clearance function of the budget and accounting act of 1921 do? |
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Definition
| said that every budget needs to pass through the president |
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Term
| what makes sure the money gets spent properly? this was put in place because of the budget and accounting act of 1921 |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the aftermath of the budget and accounting act of 1921 |
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Definition
| gave the president a lot more power |
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Term
| what four things did the executive reorganization act of 1939 do? |
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Definition
1) EOP
2) independent
3) cabinet
4) bureau of budget |
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Term
| what three things did the legislative reorganization act of 1946 do? |
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Definition
1) reduced the # of committees
2) established permanent committees
3) have to have committees in house and senate |
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Term
| during the budget wars of 1965 to 1974 what was the southern issue? |
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Definition
| most southern chairmen were democrats who slowed civil rights and budget issues |
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Term
| what internal changes did congress make to address the southen issue |
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Definition
| chairmen were elected not lifetime appointed |
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Term
| what was the result of congress' internal changes during the budget wars? |
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Definition
| people got to choose their own subcommittees |
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Term
| BICA - the budget impoundment and control act of 1974 (the big kahuna)what did it try to do |
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Definition
| an attempt by congress to control executive budgeting |
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Term
| what was Nixon's three options to his dilema |
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Definition
1)impoundment
2) accuse congress is irresponsible
3) dont spend the money |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why did BICA change the fiscal year? |
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Definition
so the federal government can see what all the states do.
states - June 30/July 1
federal - Sept 30/Oct 1 |
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Term
| BICA created H/S budget committees. what did they do? |
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Definition
| set general guidelines for spending |
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Term
| BICA established a 4 tier process. what is it? |
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Definition
1) Feb 1 - pres submits budget
2) April 15 - budget committes budget
3) sept 15 - appropiations committee
4) sept 30 - reconcile |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gave congress a leg to stand on |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that occurs outside the approatians process |
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Term
| what was executive order 12291? |
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Definition
| everything that comes through oeb needs to be cleared by white house |
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Term
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Definition
| congress attempted to take back power from the president |
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Term
| how did the 1983 INS vs. Chada work |
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Definition
1) congress sets general guidelines
2) INS fill in specific details
3) either H of congress could veto those specific details |
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Term
| why didnt the 1983 INS vs. Chada work? |
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Definition
| under constitution congress doesn't have a veto of either house of congress doesn't pass legislation |
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Term
| what was the aftermath of the 1983 INS vs. Chada? |
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Definition
| it was ruled unconstitutional |
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Term
| three things needed to be done in order to control the deficit |
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Definition
1) slow down military spending
2) slow down domestic spending
3) raise taxes |
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Term
| what was the problem with these three? |
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Definition
| couldnt all be done at once |
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Term
| what was regans viewpoint to control the deficit? |
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Definition
| just by cutting domestic spending |
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Term
| what three reforms did senate republicans push for during reagans time? |
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Definition
1) freeze cost of living for all gov't pensions
2) freeze military budget
3) small tax increase |
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Term
| how did the senate republicans reforms get passed? |
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Definition
| pete wilson cast deciding vote in sick bed . 51 to 50 decision |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what did the GRH bill do? |
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Definition
1) proposed a mandatory schedule to reduce the deficit
2) emergency defecit cutting procedure aka sequestration |
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Term
| what other provisions were in the GRH bill? |
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Definition
| defense and non defense would be cut equal. social security, medicare and medicaid off the table and had to be done by law |
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Term
| the comptroller general issue was |
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Definition
| the person responsible for bringing down the hammer if cuts werent made |
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Term
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Definition
everything had to be done by sept. 1
it was already aug 16th , election year |
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Term
| how were politicans able show major cuts following GRH? |
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Definition
| creatively manipulated #'s |
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Term
| at the budget summit agreement of 1990 how did it begin? |
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Definition
| by recognizing that everything had failed. 300 billion dollar deficit |
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Term
| what was in bush's speech at the summit |
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Definition
| everything is on the table |
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Term
| what happened at andrews in september of 1990? |
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Definition
| hours before oct 1st deadline a deal is reached that made everyone mad. |
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Term
| what led to the gov't shutdown on oct 6th and 7th? |
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Definition
| bush was livid about the andrews deal and refused to allow it to pass |
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Term
| what was signed and passed on october 28th 1990? |
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Definition
| the omnibus reconciliation |
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Term
| what was the result for bush from the 1990 budget episode? |
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Definition
| his approval rating fell to 55% |
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Term
| did the BEA's revised deficit targets for the 1991 and the next five years happen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pay as you go. if you create something you have to pay for it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| BEA changed sequestration. spendin was first categorized into three categories |
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Definition
1) domestic
2) international
3) defense |
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Term
| who gained more power from BEA in 1990? |
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Definition
| congress did. appropriations committee gets more power. subcommitte chair becomes stronger |
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Term
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Definition
1) declares GRH officially dead
2) shift power to president
3) paygo is put into place and is the norm
4) much easier to "cook the books"
5)expires in 2002 |
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