Origin: Public crest

Insertion: xiphoid process and coastal cartilages of ribs 5-7

Action: compression of the abdomen, increase intra-abdominal pressure and intrathoracic pressure, posterior pelvic tilt

Nerve:  intercoastal nerve T7- T12

Origin: lateral ribs 4 - 12

Insertion: iliac crest and linea alba 

Action: bilateral: flexion of trunk, increase intra-abdominal and intra thoracic pressure , posterior tilt

unliteral: lateral bending of the trunk, rotation to the opposite sided 

Nerve:  intercoastal nerve T8- T12

Origin: iliac crest,inguinal liagment, thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Ribs 9 - 12, Linea Alba

Action: bilateral: flexion of the trunk, increased intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressure, posterior tilt, increases tension in the thoracolumbar fascia  

 unliteral: lateral bending of the trunk, rotation to the same side

Nerve: intercoastal nerves T8- T12

Origin: illiac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, cartilages of ribs 6-12

 Insertion: linea alba

 Action:  increase intra-abdominal and increase tension in the thoracolumbar fascia 

 Nerve:  intercoastal nerves T7 - T12

Origin: Transverse processes of L1-L4 and 12 Rib

 Insertion: crest of the ilium

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension of the Lumbar region

              Unilateral: Lateral flexion of the truck

 Nerve:  Ventral rami T12-L3

Origin: angle of ribs 6-12

 Insertion: common tendon

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

               Unilateral: lateral flexion

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

Origin: angle of ribs 1-6

 Insertion: angle of ribs 6-12

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

               Unilateral: lateral flexion

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

Origin: Transverse processes of C4- C6

 Insertion: Angle of ribs 3-7

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

               Unilateral: lateral flexion

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

Origin: spinous processes located 2-4 vertebral segments above the inferior attachment 

 Insertion: Mamillary processes of L1-L5

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

               Unilateral: Rotation to the opposite side

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves C4-S3

 Origin: Mastoid process of temporal bone 

 Insertion: transverse processes of T1 - T5 and near facet joints C3-C7

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

               Unilateral: lateral flexion

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

 Origin: Transverse processes of C2-C6

 Insertion: Transverse processes of T1-T4

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

               Unilateral: lateral flexion

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

 Origin: Transverse processes of T1 - T12

 Insertion: common tendon

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

               Unilateral: lateral flexion

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

 Origin: spinous process of C2

 Insertion: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 - T1

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

 Origin: Blends with semispinalis capitis 

 Insertion: blends with semispinalis capitis 

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

 Origin: spinous processes of T1- T6

 Insertion: common tendon

 Action:  Bilateral: Extension

 Nerve:  Dorsal Rami of adjacent Spinal nerves

Origin: Psoas Major: transverse processes of T12-L5

            Illiacus: illiac Fossa

 Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur 

 Action:  Hip flexion 

               Truck flexion

                Anterior tilt 

 Nerve:  femoral Nerve 

Origin: Posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments 

 Insertion: iliotibial band and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

 Action:  Hip  Extension

              Hip external rotation 

 Nerve:  Inferior Gluteal nerve 

Origin: Outer surface of the ilium

 Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur 

 Action:  Hip Abduction 

 Nerve:  Superior gluteal nerves

Origin: Gluteal surface of ilium 

 Insertion: Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur

 Action:  Hip Abduction 

             Hip Internal Rotation

 Nerve:  Superior gluteal nerves

Origin: Anterior side of the sacrum

 Insertion: Apex of the greater trochanter

 Action:  Hip External Rotation

 Nerve:  Nerve to the piriformis

Origin: Internal side of the obturator membrane and surrounding structures

 Insertion: Greater trochanter

 Action:  Hip External Rotation

 Nerve:  Nerve to the obturator internus

Origin: Anterior Inferior illiac Spine

 Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity 

 Action:  Hip Flexion

             Knee Extension

 Nerve:  Femoral Nerve

Origin:  Lateral lip of the linea aspera, interrochanteric line , and lateral region of teh gluteal tuberosity 

 Insertion:  Tibial tuberosity 

 Action:  Knee Extension 

 Nerve:  Femoral Nerve 

Origin:  Medial lip of the linea aspera, interrochanteric line , and lateral region of teh gluteal tuberosity 

 Insertion:  Tibial tuberosity 

 Action:  Knee Extension 

 Nerve:  Femoral Nerve 

Origin:  Anterior and lateral shaft of femur

 Insertion:  Tibial tuberosity 

 Action:  Knee Extension 

 Nerve:  Femoral Nerve 

 Origin:  Ischial tuberosity

 Insertion:  Medial condyle of the tibia 

 Action:  Knee Flexion

              Hip Extension  

 Nerve:  tibial portion of the sciatic nerve

 Origin:  Ischial tuberosity

 Insertion:  Head of the fibula

 Action:  Knee Flexion

              Hip Extension  

 Nerve:  tibial portion of the sciatic nerve

 Origin:  Ischial tuberosity

 Insertion:  Pes anserine

 Action:  Knee Flexion

              Hip Extension  

 Nerve:  Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve

 Origin:  Anterior surface of the body of the pubis 

 Insertion:  middle one third of the Linea aspera of the femur

 Action:  Hip Adduction  

 Nerve:  Obturator nerve 

 Origin:  Body and inferior ramus of the pubis 

 Insertion:  Pes anserine

 Action:  Hip Adduction 

 Nerve:  Obturator nerve

 Origin:  Medial Head:  the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle 

             Lateral Head: the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle  

 Insertion:  Calcaneal tuberosity 

 Action:  Planter  Flexion

              Flexion of the Knee

 Nerve:  Tibial Nerve

 Origin:  Proximal 1/3 of the posterior fibula and fibular head and posterior aspect of the tibia 

 Insertion:  Calcaneal tuberosity 

 Action:  Planter Flexion 

 Nerve:  Tibial Nerve

 Origin:  Proximal 2/3 of the posterior aspect of the tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

 Insertion:  Multiple attachments to every tarsal bone except the talus; also attaches to the bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsals. The most prominent insertion is on the navicular tuberosity 

 Action:  Knee Flexion

              inversion

 Nerve:  Tibial Nerve

 Origin:  Lateral condyle of the tibia; head and proximal 1\3 of the lateral surface of the fibula

 Insertion:  Lateral surface of the medial cuneiform and plantar base of the first metatarsal

 Action:  Plantar Flexion

              Eversion  

 Nerve:  Superficial branch of the fibular nerves

 Origin:  Proximal 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia and interosseous membrane

 Insertion:  Medial and plantar aspects of the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal 

 Action:  Dorsiflexion

              Inversion   

 Nerve:  Deep branch of the fibular nerve

 Origin:  Middle section of the fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane 

 Insertion:  Dorsal base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

 Action:  DorsiFlexion

              Extension of the great toe

 Nerve:  Deep branch of the fibular Nerves

 Origin:  Lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal 2/3 of the medial surface of the fibula, and adjacent interosseous membrane

 Insertion:  Splits into four tendons that attach to the proximal base of the dorsal surface of the middle and distal phalanges 

 Action:  DorsiFlexion

              Extension  of the toes 2 through 5 (MTP, PIP, and DIP joints)

               Eversion

 Nerve:  Deep branch of the fibular nerve

 Origin:  Distal 2/3 of the posterior fibula

 Insertion:  Plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

 Action:  Flexion of the great toe

              Plantar flexion 

                Inversion Adduction 

 Nerve:  Tibial Nerve

 Origin:  Posterior surface of the middle  1/3 of the tibia 

 Insertion:  By four separate tendons to the base of the distal phalanx of the four lesser toes

 Action:  Flexion of toes 2-5

              Plantar flexion 

              Inversion

              Adduction 

 Nerve:  Tibial Nerve

  Origin:  Anterior superior iliac spine 

 Insertion:  Pes Anserine

 Action:  Hip Flexion

              Hip abduction

              hip external rotation

               Knee flexion

 Nerve:  Femoral 

   Origin:  outer surface of the iliac crest just posterior to anterior - superior iliac spine 

 Insertion:  proximal one-third of the iliotibial band

 Action:  Hip Flexion 

              Hip Abduction 

              Hip internal rotation

 Nerve:  superior gluteal nerve