Term
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Definition
-Death of bone tissue
-Pathogenesis: Tissue ischemia secondary to trauma or thrombosis
-C.M:Progressive decline in ROM |
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Term
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Definition
-Inflammation of bone caused by infectious organisms
-Due to open injury to bone or open fracture.
-C.M: Fever, bone pain, tenderness, joint pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Most common neoplasm of bone |
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Term
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Definition
-Degeneration of articular cartilage and joint structures
-Path:Loss of cartilage leads to inflammation and reactive changes in bone.
-C.M:Most common in weight-bearing joints. Decreased ROM, crepitus. |
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Term
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Definition
-Chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack and destroy joints.
-Path:Begins in the synovium, increased inflammatory response, destruction of cartilage.
-C.M:Symmetric joints, early morning pain relieved with movement, joint deformities (swan neck). |
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Term
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Definition
-Bacterial Joint infection
-R.F:Trauma, joint replacemenmt, diabetes, drug abuse.
-C.M:Joint pain, swelling, fever, decreased ROM |
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Term
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Definition
-Uric acid crystals in joints
-R.F:Overproduction of uric acid or decreased urinary excretion. Heavy alcohol consumption.
C.M:Acute inflammatory arthritis, 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (big toe)
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Term
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Definition
-Dysregulation of cell growth
-Grow and divide without respect to normal limits. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Disorganization of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| -Increase in cell mass secondary to abnormal growth of new tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Preinvasive epthelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Invasive with local tissue spread |
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Term
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Definition
| -Invasive with the ability to spread to distant sites. |
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Term
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Definition
-Tumor, reginonal lymph Nodes, and Metastases.
-Graded on 0-IV scale. |
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Term
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Definition
-Lung cancer
-Breast Cancer
-Prostate Cancer
-Colon Cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| -A disease or symptom that is consequence of the presence off cancer in body, but is not due to a direct, local effect of the tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
-Hormone that controls red blood cell production
-Produced by the kidneys in response to decreased 02 |
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Term
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Definition
-Reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood such as in sickle cell disease.
-C.M:Fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, tachycardia.
-Decreased exercise tolerance, delayed wound healing, increased risk in younger, female athletes. |
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Term
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Definition
-Inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an abnormal form of hemoglobin.
-Path:Changes shape of RBCs, RBCs become rigid and sticky.
-C.M:Pain, severe anemia, organ-specific dysfunction and symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
-Increased platelets
-Accelerated production of platelets |
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Term
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Definition
-Decreased platelets
-Inadequate production or increased destruction
-Easy brusing |
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Term
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Definition
-Inherited bleeding disorder
-Path:Abnormality of plasma coagulation factors.
-C.M:Bruising, spontaneous bleeding.
-Hemarthrosis:Bleeding into joints,causes pain and swelling. |
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Term
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Definition
-Malignant growth of specific white blood cells, either leukocytes or myelocytes.
-C.M:Infection, high fever, flu-like symptoms. Bleeding secondary to platelet deficiencies. Anorexia. |
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Term
| Lymphoma (Hodgkin's Disease) |
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Definition
-Malignant growth of lymphocytes within the lymphatic system.
-C.M:Enlarged lymph nodes, weight loss, night sweats, pruritis. |
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Term
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Definition
-Malignant transformation of plasma cells.
-Develops in bone marrow and can present as bone pain and fractures. |
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Term
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Definition
-R.F:Female, sexual activity, diabetes.
-Path:Entry & colonization of urinary tract by bacteria.
-C.M:Pain or burning with urination. Hematuria |
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Term
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Definition
-Bacterial infection of the ureters and kidneys
-Path:Urinary tract obstruction or deformity[Chronic infection can lead to scarring and decreased function]
-C.M:Fever, chills, back pain. |
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Term
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Definition
-Kidney Stones
-Possible bacterial involvement
-C.M:Renal colic(severe abdominal pain)Hematuria, urinary urgency and frequency. |
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Term
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Definition
-Loss of kidney function resulting in inability to remove waste products.
-Path:Destruction of nephrons by diabetes & hypertension.
-Treatment:Dialysis or renal transplant |
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Term
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Definition
| -Spastic or atonic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury, stroke, diabetes. |
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Term
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
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Definition
-Age related, nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland.
-Path:Proliferation of prostate cells causes obstruction of the urethra.
-C.M:Narrowing of urethra leads to obstruction of urinary flow. Increased UTI's |
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Term
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Definition
-Most common cancer in males and second leading cause of cancer death
-Path:Neoplastic transformation of glandular cells.
-C.M:Asymptomatic, fatigue, weight loss, hematuria.
-Leads to incontinence and impotence |
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Term
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Definition
-Most common cancer in males 15 to 35 yrs.
-Prevented by self-examination |
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Term
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Definition
-Functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus
-Path:Retrograde menstrual flow or dysfunction of immune system
-C.M:Abdominal or pelvic pain |
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Term
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Definition
-R.F:Postmenopausal, increased exposure to estrogen.
-C.M:Abnormal bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding.
-Uterine Fibroids:Benign tumors of uterus associated with pain. |
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Term
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Definition
-Most common and 2nd leading cause of cancer in women
-RF:Gender,age, family Hx, exposure to estrogen, obesity and physical activities.
-Path:Genetic transformation of ductal or lbular epithelial cells.
-C.M:Palpable lump, nipple discharge, palpable lymph nodes. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Process an axon undergoes when it is crushed or severed to heal and repair itself from injury(mylenated axons). |
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Term
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Definition
-CSF accumulates in the cranium.
-Non-communicating:Obstructive, CSF flow within ventricles is blocked
-Communicating:Non-obstructive, impaired reabsorption of CSF. |
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Term
| Increased Intracranial Pressure |
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Definition
-Increased volume of intracranial contents.
-Decreased blood perfusion of brain, causes physical trauma to neural tissue by compression.
-C.M:Cushing triad[Systemic hypertension, Bradycardia, Respiratory irregularities] |
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Term
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Definition
| -Bleed is between cranium and dura mater, involving the middle meningeal artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Tear of bridging veins, bleed occurs between dura mater and arachnoid mater. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Tear of small blood vessels caused by penetrating trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
-Infection of the meninges (pia mater and arachnoid)
-C.M:Stiff neck, fever, headache, and confusion. |
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Term
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Definition
-Inflammation of brain tissue.
-C.M:Photosensitivity, neuro deficits, confusion, and seizures. |
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Term
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Definition
-Chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
-Primary: No identifiable cause, genetic abnormality
-Secondary: Identifiable cause, stroke, tumor, trauma etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Sudden, excessive, synchronous, and transient discharge of cerebral neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Involuntary, paroxysmal skeletal muscle contractions as a result of activation motor cortex neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
-Stroke caused by:
-Thrombotic:Arterial occlusion from atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries.
-Embolic:Blood clot from source outside of brain.
-TIA:Transient Ischemic Attack, mini-stroke that lasts less than 24hrs. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Intracranial Hemorrhage caused by rupture of cerebral aneurysm, or trauma. |
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Term
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Definition
-Loss of neurons and brain atrophy
-C.M:Forgetfulness, loss of short-term memory, loss of independence.
-Most common over 65yrs., genetic & aging disease. |
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Term
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Definition
-Movement disorder characterized by a slow, progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia.
-C.M:Tremors at rest,increased muscle tone and rigidity.
-Degeneration of Dopaminergic neurons in the substntia nigra. |
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Term
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
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Definition
-Degenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons resulting in progressive muscle weakness.
-Brain loses ability to initiate and control voluntary movement.
-C.M:Muscle atrophy, paralysis, only 20% survive 5 yrs. |
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Term
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Definition
-Central Nervous system disease involving destruction of myelin sheath.
-C.M:Paresthesias, weakness, bowel and bladder dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
-Demyelination of peripheral motor and sensory nerve fibers (Schwann Cells)
-C.M:Progressive onset of ascending motor weakness and sensory impairments over 4 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
-Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction.
-Path:Immune reaction that blocks acetycholine.
-C.M:Muscle fatigue and progressive weakness, weakness increases with activity. Postural changes |
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Term
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Definition
| -Stretching and tearing of musculotendious unit |
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Term
|
Definition
-Injury to ligaments around a joint.
1st degree:Minor tearing
2nd degree:Partial tearing
3rd degree:Complete loss of structural and mechanical integrity. |
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Term
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Definition
-Nonspecific muscle weakness, usually inflammatory.
-Causes:Heart failure, lung disease, steroid induced, and muscular dystrophies.
-C.M:Muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue, and decreased aerobic capacity. |
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Term
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Definition
-Skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture.
-Most common bone disorder, 90% women
-Path:More loss of bone than restoration of bone.
-R.F:Age, white/asain, female, vit. D deficiency.
-Back pain is most presenting complaint |
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Term
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Definition
-Softening of bone without loss of bone matrix
-Caused by calcium or phosphate deficiency
-Most common in malnourished, elderly individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
-Excessive bone resorption and unorganized bone formation.
-Calcified and thickened bone with a chaotic architecture.
-Osteoblasts can't keep up with bone formation.
-"Picture Frame" appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An automated test that provides results regarding the concentration of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. |
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