Term
| 1. Mechanical supports include these 12 items. |
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Definition
| 1) STRAPPING, 2) TAPING, 3) BRACES, 4) CAST, 5) CORSETS, 6) CANES, 7) CRUTCHES, 8) COLLARS, 9) SLINGS, 10) SHOE LIFTS, 11) BANDAGES, 12) FOOT ORTHOTICS |
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Term
| 2. Supports can be classified as these 4 methods of use. |
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Definition
| 1) IMMOBILIZATION, 2) SUPPORTIVE, 3) CORRECTIVE, 4) PROTECTIVE |
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Term
| 3. 10 physiological effects of mechanical supports. |
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Definition
| 1) RELIEVE OF WEIGHT BEARING, 2) LIMIT MOTION, 3) IMMOBILIZE, 4) RELIEVE MUSCLE SPASM AND PAIN, 5) DECREASE ABDOMINAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY, 6) DECREASE INTRADISCAL PRESSURE, 7) INCREASE INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE, 8) DECREASE MUSCLE ACTIVITY, 9) REVERSE OR CORRECT SPINAL CURVATURES, 10) CORRECT BIOMECHANICAL FAULTS OR WEAKNESS |
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Term
| 4. 13 indications for mechanical supports. |
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Definition
| 1) ACUTE IVD SYNDROME, 2) ACUTE SPRAINS/STRAINS, 3) DJD, 4) HYPERKYPHOSIS, 5) HYPERLORDOSIS, 6) JOINT INSTABILITY, 7) MUSCLE SPASM AND GUARDING, 8) POSTURAL BACKACHE, 9) SCOLIOSIS, 10) SPINAL FRACTURES, 11) EXTREMITY FRACTURES, 12) CONGENITAL WEAKNESS, 13) FOOT/ANKLE WEAKNESS |
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Term
| 5. 7 contraindications to the use of mechanical supports. |
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Definition
| 1) PROMOTING MUSCULAR ATROPHY, 2) PROMOTING WEAKNESS, 3) PROMOTING ADHESIONS OR FIBROSIS, 4) ISCHEMIA, 5) CONGESTION, 6) VASCULAR STASIS, 7) DEPENDENCE |
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Term
| 6. _____ are mechanical supports used for heel spurs or plantar fasciitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 7. _____ are mechanical supports used for structural or functional short legs. |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. _____ are mechanical supports used for excessive foot pronation/supination. |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. _____ are mechanical supports used for ankle sprains. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. _____ are mechanical supports used to prevent excessive ankle inversion/eversion. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. _____ are mechanical supports used to generally support grade 1 MCL or LCL ligament and muscle strains. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. _____ is a coccyx mechanical support commonly used for the patient to sit on who has coccyodynia. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. _____ braces are used for lumbar sprain/strain injuries. |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. _____ braces are used for lumbar IVD or sprains. |
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Definition
| SOFT BRACES WITH RIGID STAYS |
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Term
| 15. _____ braces are used for post surgery or scoliosis in the lumbar spine. |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. _____ braces are used for clavicular or AC joint injuries. |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. _____ braces are used for nondisplaced rib fractures, pleurisy or intercostal neuralgia. |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. _____ are braces used for muscle strains, torticollis, or whiplash injuries in the cervical spine. |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. _____ are braces used for mild compression fractures, avulsion fractures, or ligamentous tearing in the cervical spine. |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. Slings should be used on the shoulder whenever the patient presents with any of these 5 injuries. |
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Definition
| 1) BURSITIS, 2) TENDONITIS, 3) AC SEPARATION, 4) ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES, 5) SPRAINS |
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Term
| 21. _____ should be used on the elbow whenever a patient presents with bursitis, strain injuries, and tennis or golfers elbow. |
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Definition
| SOFT COMPRESSIVE SUPPORTS |
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Term
| 22. _____ should be used for strain injuries of the wrist. |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. _____ is a brace that should be used for carpal tunnel syndrome. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. _____ is the name of a cervical collar. |
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Definition
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Term
| 25. 2 names for thoracic braces. |
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Definition
| 1) JEWETT BRACE, 2) KNIGHT TAYLOR |
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Term
| 26. 4 different lumbar and sacroiliac braces. |
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Definition
| 1) CHAIRBACK BRACE, 2) WILLIAMS BRACE, 3) KNIGHT SPINAL BRACE, 4) TROCHANTERIC BELT |
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Term
| 27. A _____ brace should be used when one has scoliosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. 3 different types of extremity braces. |
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Definition
| 1) LOUISIANA BRACE, 2) LENNOX-HILL BRACE, 3) COCK-UP SPLINT |
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Term
| 29. Kinesio taping involves taping over and around muscles in order to either _____ or to _____. |
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Definition
| ASSIST AND GIVE MUSCLE SUPPORT; OR TO PREVENT OVER CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLES |
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Term
| 30. _____allows the practitioner the opportunity to actually give support with full ROM that enables the individual to participate in physical activity with functional assistance. |
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Definition
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Term
| 31. The overcontraction prevention aspect of kinesio-taping is most commonly used during the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. Kinesio-tape can also be used in conjunction with these 4 other therapies. |
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Definition
| 1) CRYOTHERAPY, 2) HYDROTHERAPY, 3) MASSAGE THERAPY, 4) ESTIM |
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Term
| 33. These are the 3 main taping techniques recognized in the united states. |
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Definition
| 1) WHITE ATHLETIC TAPING, 2) MCCONNELL TAPING TECHNIQUE, 3) KINESIO TAPING |
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Term
| 34. _____ is the most commonly used taping technique in the US. It involves the use of a pre-wrap and is used for acute and preventative injuries. It is generally left on for a short period of time and it is typically applied immediately prior to activity and taken off thereafter. |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. White athletic taping causes skin irritation due to these 3 conditions. |
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Definition
| 1) TRAPPING OF MOISTURE, 3) HIGH LATEX CONTENT, 3) HIGH COMPRESSION TO THE UNDERLYING TISSUES |
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Term
| 37. _____ is a bracing or strapping technique using a super-rigid cotton mesh, highly-adhesive tape. It is most commonly used for patellofemoral, shoulder subluxation, lumbar, foot and hip impingement. |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. McConnell taping is left on the person for no more than _____ hours due to in-adverse skin reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 39. McConnell taping technique is primarily used for _____ of the affected condition, and is widely accepted by the medical community. |
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Definition
| NEUROMUSCULAR RE-EDUCATION |
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Term
| 40. _____ is a taping technique that uses a highly specific designed tape that works with the body allowing full ROM, and in most cases improves ROM. It will not affect biomechanics of the patient. There is also no latex in the product making it skin sensitive and safe to use from pediatric to geriatric populations. |
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Definition
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Term
| 41. Since kinesio-taping does not compress skin, it is safe to wear over a _____ day period. |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. Kinesio-taping works with the lymphatic system to _____ in order to rehabilitate and relieve pain. It can also be used for virtually all clinical conditions. |
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Definition
| INCREASE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD/LYMPH |
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Term
| 45. How does kinesio-taping affect skin functions (endohenous analgesic system)? |
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Definition
| IT RELIEVES PAIN OR ABNORMAL FEELING ON THE SKIN AND MUSCLES |
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Term
| 46. How does kinesio-tape affect the muscle functions? |
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Definition
| SUPPORTS THE MUSCLES IN MOVEMENT, AND THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF THE TAPE REPLICATES AND ENHANCES MUSCLE FIBERS AND TENDONS |
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Term
| 47. How does kinesio-tape affect lymphatic function? |
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Definition
| REMOVES CONGESTION OF LYMPHATIC FLUID OR HEMORRHAGES UNDER THE SKIN. IT ALSO STIMULATES THE MOVEMENT OF LYMPHATIC AND INTERSTITIAL FLUIDS |
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Term
| 48. How does kinesio-tape affect joint function? |
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Definition
| IT CORRECTS MISALIGNMENT OF THE JOINT AND IMPROVES THE ALIGNMENT OF STRUCTURE THROUGH ITS AFFECT ON THE MUSCLE/FASCIA AND PAIN |
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Term
| 1. These are the 3 arches of the foot. |
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Definition
| 1) ANTERIOR TRANSVERSE ARCH, 2) LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH, 3) MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH |
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Term
| 2. Which arch in the foot s the most problematic? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. When the medial longitudinal arch fails, it causes foot _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. If the lateral longitudinal arch fails, it causes foot _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. If the anterior transverse arch fails, the patient will be prone to developing _____ |
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Definition
| MORTON’S NEUROMA AND METATARSALGIA |
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Term
| 6. If the medial and anterior transverse arch fail, the patient will be prone to developing _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 7. When the medial longitudinal arch fails the navicular will displace _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. This muscle test should be utilized to determine the effectiveness of the medial longitudinal arch. |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. If the lateral longitudinal arch fails, the cuboid will fixate _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. These 2 muscles should be tested to determine the effectiveness of the lateral longitudinal arch. |
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Definition
| GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS |
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Term
| 11. If the anterior transverse arch fails, the metatarsals will displace _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. 6 steps in testing if the patient needs foot orthotics. |
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Definition
| 1) ADJUST THE BONES CORRESPONDING TO THE WEAK MUSCLE TEST, 2) RE-TEST THE MUSCLE, 3) HAVE THE PATIENT STAND, 4) RE-TEST THE MUSCLE, 5) REPEAT, 6) TAPE FOOT |
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Term
| 14. What does the acronym laser stand for? |
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Definition
| LIGHT AMPLIFICATION STIMULATED EMISSION RADIATION |
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Term
| 15. Light is measured in wavelength units called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. Laser wavelengths between _____nm optimize the depth of penetration. |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. Laser output refers to the _____ of the laser. |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. Laser output/intensity is measured in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. Laser output can be increased or decreased affecting the intensity of the laser without changing the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. The _____ is the amount of energy administered to a surface area of tissue in a given time. |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. Lase dose energy is measured in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. _____ lasers are the most common types of lasers in the medical field today. They are used to destroy, cut, and cauterize tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. Surgical lasers are referred to as _____ lasers. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. _____ lasers do not have a thermal effect, and are used to stimulate biological function. |
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Definition
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Term
| 25. Class 1 lasers are low-powered laser devices with <_____mW of output. |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. Class 2 lasers are low-powered laser devices with up to _____mW of output. |
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Definition
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Term
| 27. Class 3 lasers are mild powered laser devices with _____ to _____mW of output. |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. Class 4 lasers are high powered laser devices with over _____mW of output. |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. 5 contraindications to the use of laser. |
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Definition
| 1) DIRECTLY OVER EYES, 2) HEMORRHAGING REGIONS, 3) LOCALLY TO THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, 4) ABDOMINAL REGION DURING PREGNANCY, 5) OVER RED AND ORANGE TATTOO INK |
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Term
| 30. 13 precautions to the use of lasers. |
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Definition
| 1) EPILEPSY, 2) FEVER, 3) MALIGNANCY, 4) LOWER BACK DURING PREGNANCY, 5) EMBRYO OR FETUS, 6) OVER THE GONADS, 7) AREAS OF DECREASED SENSATION, 8) INFECTED TISSUE, 9) PACEMAKER, 10) SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA, 11) VAGUS NERVE, 12) CARDIAC REGION, 13) PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE |
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Term
| 31. Lasers increase ATP production by stimulating _____, especially in nervous tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. 7 effects of low level laser. |
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Definition
| 1) CELLULAR EFFECTS, 2) ALTERED NERVE CONDUCTION AND REGENERATION, 3) VASODILATION, 4) WOUND AND FRACTURE HEALING, 5) MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS, 6) PAIN MANAGEMENT, 7) STIMULATION OF ACUPUNCTURE POINTS |
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Term
| 33. 5 cellular effects of low level laser. |
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Definition
| 1) INCREASE ATP AND RNA PRODUCTION, 2) MACOPHAGE STIMULATION, 3) PHAGOCYTE STIMULATION, 4) INCREASED CELL PROLIFERATION, 5) FIBROBLAST STIMULATION TO INCREASE COLLAGEN PRODUCTION |
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Term
| 34. 6 tissue effects of low level laser. |
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Definition
| 1) ACCELERATED FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION, 2) INCREASES FIBROPLASIA, 3) INCREASES ANGIOGENESIS, 4) INCREASES COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS, 5) INCREASES LYMPHATIC FUNCTION, 6) REDUCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE |
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Term
| 35. The 1st thing laser was approved for by the FDA was _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 36. Laser can be used on these 10 musculoskeletal conditions. |
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Definition
| 1) ARTHRITIS, 2) RA, 3) CARPAL TUNNEL, 4) INCREASE ROM, 5) RESTORING NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION, 6) MYOFASCIAL SYNDROMES, 7) TENDONITIS, 8) AK, 9) ACUPUNCTURE POINTS, 10) PAIN MANAGEMENT |
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Term
| 37. The lower the nM of the laser, the more _____ it will penetrate. |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. The higher the nM of the laser, the _____ it will penetrate. |
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Definition
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Term
| 39. Superficial lasers are found between the wavelength of _____nM, and should be used for skin problems. |
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Definition
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Term
| 40. Deep lasers are found between the wavelength of _____nM and should be used for ligaments and tendons. |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. _____ joules should be used for the treatment dose of open wounds. |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. _____ joules should be used for the treatment dose of most musculoskeletal conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 44. _____ joules should be the total treatment dose per treatment. |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. How do you calculate the treatment dose when using laser. |
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Definition
| DOSE (J) = [OUTPUT X TIME]/AREA TREATED |
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Term
| 46. _____% of the total laser dose is lost when treating through clothing. |
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Definition
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Term
| 47. 7 general treating guidelines when using laser. |
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Definition
| 1) DO NOT TREAT THROUGH CLOTHING, 2) IT IS BETTER TO USE 3-4 TREATMENTS PER WEEK WITH MODERATE DOSE THAN USING A HIGHER DOSE WITH LESS TREATMENTS, 3) ACUTE PROBLEMS USUALLY RESPOND WITH A FEW TREATMENTS WHICH CAN BE CLOSELY SPACED, 4) CHRONIC CONDITIONS ARE USUALLY BEST HANDLES WITH MORE WIDELY SPREAD TREATMENTS, 5) YOU SHOULD TREAT AT CLOSER INTERVALS IN THE BEGINNING AND LONGER INTERVALS AT THE END OF TREATMENT, 6) CHOOSE THE FREQUENCY AND DOSE APPROPRIATE FOR THE PATIENTS CONDITION, 7) SOME RESPONSE SHOULD BE OBSERVED IN 4-5 SESSIONS |
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Term
| 49. The _____ laser is used specifically for diabetic neuropathy, and it stimulates vasodilation of capillaries and nerve regeneration. |
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Definition
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