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psycology 2
test 2
49
Philosophy
Undergraduate 2
08/06/2008

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Term
Memory
Definition
The persistence of learning over time throught and retrieval of information
Term
Encoding
Definition
the processing of information into the memory system -for expample extracting meaning
Term
Storage
Definition
the retention of encoded information .over time
Term
Retrival
Definition
the process of getting information out of memory storage
Term
Sensory memory
Definition
the immediate,very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Term
Short-term memory
Definition
activated memory that holds a few items briefly,such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing,before the information is stored .
Term
Long-term Memory
Definition
The relatively permanent and limitless strohouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge,skill, and experiences.
Term
Working memory
Definition
a newer understanding of short memory that involves conscious,active procesing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information,and of information retrieved from long-term memory.
Term
Automatic Processing
Definition
Unconscious encoding of incidental information,such as space,time,and frequency,and of well-learned information,such as word meaning.
Term
Effortful Processing
Definition
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
Term
Rehearsal
Definition
the conscious repetition of information,either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for strorage
Term
spacing effect
Definition
the tendency for distributed study or practise to yield better long term retention than is achived throught massed study or practise
Term
serial position effect
Definition
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Term
Imaginary
Definition
mental pictures; a powerful aid to efforful processing
Term
Mnemonics
Definition
memory aids ,especially those techniques thatuse vivid imaginary and organizational devices
Term
chunking
Definition
organazing items into familiar,manageable units ;often occurs automatically
Term
Iconic memory
Definition
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli;a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more thatn a few tenths of a seconds
Term
echoic memory
Definition
a momentary sencory memory of auditory stimuli;if attention is elsewere,sounds and worlds can still be recall whitin 3 or 4 seconds
Term
Long term potentiation(LPT)
Definition
an increase in a synapse's firing potentialafter brief rapid extimulation.
Term
Flashbulb memory
Definition
a clear memory of an emotionally significant mommnet or event
Term
Amnesia
Definition
Loss of memory
Term
implicit memory
Definition
retention independent of conscious recollection.
Term
Explicit memory
Definition
memory of facts and expirience that ine can consiously know "declare"
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
a neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage
Term
recall
Definition
a measure of memory in wich the preson must retrive information learned early,as on a fill-in-the-bank test
Term
Relearning
Definition
a memory measure that assesses the amount of times saved when learning material for a second time.
Term
Priming
Definition
the activation often uncouscioulsy of perticular association in memory
Term
Proactive Interference
Definition
the sisruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of information.
Term
Retroactive interfirance
Definition
the disruptive effect of new learnign on the recall of old information
Term
represion
Definition
a self defence mechnism that lets you forget hurtful memories
Term
Misinformation Efect
Definition
the incorporation of missliting information into ones momory of a event
Term
Cognition
Definition
the mental activation associated with thinking ,knowing,remnbering and comunicated
Term
concept
Definition
a mental groping of similar objects ,events ,ideas and people.
Term
insight
Definition
a sudden and often relization
Term
Comfirmation Bias
Definition
a tendency to search for information that ones own preconceptions
Term
Heuristic
Definition
a simple thinking stralegy that often allows us to make judgment and solve problems effectivily
Term
Fixation
Definition
the inability to see a problem from a new prespective
Term
Overconfidance
Definition
the tendency to be more confident than correct
Term
Framing
Definition
the way a issue is posed
Term
Belief perseverance
Definition
clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on witch they were form has been discredit
Term
Language
Definition
Our spoken ,written or signed and the ways we combine them to comunicate
Term
Speaking stages
Definition

babling stage

One-world stage 

Two world stage 

 

Term
Linguistic determination
Definition
Whorf's hypotesys that says that lenguage determines the way we think
Term
Intelligence
Definition
Mental quality consitening in the ability to learn from expiriances ,solve problems and used knowledge to adapt to ne situations
Term
General intelligence (g)
Definition
a general intelligence factor that underlines specific mental abilities .
Term
savant syndrome
Definition
a condition in which a person other wise limited in mental ability has an exectional expecific skill
Term
Emotional intalligance
Definition
the ability to percieve,undestant ,manage and use emotions
Term
Intelligence test
Definition
a method for assesing an individuals mental aptitude and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
Term
Mental age
Definition
a measure of intealligence based on the average age of the person
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