Antisocial personality disorder criteria

diagnosis assigned to adults who as children showed evidence of conduct disorder and from age 15 on showing disregard for rights of others as indicated  by three or mor of the following :

• Repeated engagement in behaviors that are grounds for arrest
• deceitfulness, such as lying or using false identities or conning others for profit/pleasure
• impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
• irritability and agressiveness, such as repeated fights
• reckless disregard for the safety of self or others
• consistent irresponsibility (failure to keep a job)
• lack of remorse, like being indifferent or rationalizing one's hurtful or dishonest behavior

people who show recurrent impulsivity and a persuasive pattern of instability of inter personal relationships, self-image, and affects indicated by at least 5 of the following:

• franic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
• pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by changes between idealizing and devaluing others
• unstable self image or sense of self (identity disturbance)
• Imulsivity in two areas (spending, sex, substance abuse, or reckless driving)
• recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats or self mutilating behavior
• emotional instability ex. intense sadness, irritability, or anxiety for hours up to days
• chronic feeling of emptiness
• inappropriate intense anger or controlling agner issues
• occasional stress related paranoid thinking or dissociative symptoms

Histronic Personality Disorder

people who show a persuasive pattern of excessive emotionally and attenion seeking by 5 of the following:

• discomfort when not the center of attention
• interactions characterized by inappropriate sexual seductive or provocative behavior
• rapid shifts and shallow expression of emotion
• use of physical appearence to draw attention
• speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking detail
• self-dramatization, theatrically and exagerated expression of emotion
• high suggestability
• misinterpretation of relationships as being more than they are

Narcissitic Personality Disorder

people who show a persuasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy categorized by 5 or more of the following

• grandiose sense of self-importance
• preoccupation w/ fantasies of success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love
• belief that they are so special the can only associate w/ other special people who understand them
• need for excessive admiration
• sense of entitilement
• exploitive interpersonal style
• lack of empathy
• envy of others or belief others envy them
• arrogant behaviors and attitudes

Paranoid Personality Disorder

people show pervasive distrust and sucsiciousness of others who's motives they interpret as malevolent, indicated by 4 of the following:

• unjustified suspicion that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them
• preoccupation w/ unjustifiable doubts about others' loyalties or trustworthyness
• reluctance to confide in others, for fear that the info will be used against them
• tendency to read hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into harmless remarks or events
• perception of personal attacks that are not apparent to others and have the tendenscy to counterattack w/ angry remarks
• recurrent unjustified suspicions about the faithfulness of ones spouse or sexual partner

people who show a pervasive pattern of detachment from relationships and a restricted emotional range, indicated by 4 of the folllowing:

• lack of desire for enjoyment of close relationships
• strong preferace for solitary activities
• little or no intrest in sexual experiences w/ another person
• lack of pleasure in few if any activities
• lack of close friends or cofidants, other than immediate relatives
• indifferant to praises or criticisms
• emotional coldness, detachment, or flat emotionally

people w/ a pattern of social inhibition, feelings pf inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation by 4 or more of the following

• avoidance of activities involving interpersonal contact for fear of criticism, dissaproval or rejection
• unwillingness to get involved w/ others unless certain of being liked
• restraint w/in intimate relationships due to fear of being shamed or ridiculed
• preoccupation w/ being criticized or rejected in social situations
• inhibition in new interpersonal situations because of feeling inadeqate
• self-view as socially inept, personally unappealing or infearior to others
• reluctance to take personal risks or new activities due to fear of embarrassment

Schizotypal personality disorder

people who show a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort w/, and reduced capacity for, close relationships and who experience cognitive or perceptual distortions and behavioral eccentricities (5 or mor of the following)

• ideas of reference
• odd beliefs or magical thinking, which influences their behavior
• unusual perceptual experiences, including body illusions
• odd thinking and speech
• suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
• inappropriate or constricted affect
• behavior or appearence that is odd or eccentric
• lack of close friends or cofidants
• excesive social anxiety that tends to be associated w/ paranoid fears

people w/ a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive, clinging behaviorand fears of seperation (5 or more of the following)

• difficulty making every day decisions w/o advice and reassurance
• need for others to assume responsibility for most major areas of life
• difficulty expressing disagreement w/ others due to fear of loss of support or approval
• difficulty initiating projects or tasks because of low self-confidence in abilities
• tendency to go to excessive lengths to obtain nuturance and support to the point of doing things that are unpleasant
• feelings of discomfort or helplessness when alone due to fear of being unable to care for themselves
• pursuit of a new relationship as a source of care  and support after the loss of a close relationship
• preoccupation w/ fears of being left to take care of themselves

people w/ a pervasive pattern of preoccupation w/ orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility openness and efficiency (four or more)

• preoccupation w/ details, rules, order, organization, or schedules to such an extent that the malor point of the activity is lost
• perfectionism that interferes w/ task completion
• excessive devotion to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and freindships
• tendency to be overconscientious, scupulous, and inflexable about matters of morality, ethics, or values
• inability to discard worn-out or worthless objects
• reluctance to delegate tasks to others unless they agree to an exact way of doing things
• miserly spending style towards self and others
• ridgity and stubborness

people experiencing disturbance that lasts at least 6mo and includes at least 1mo of active symptoms including 2 of the following

• delusions
• hallucinations
• disorganized speech
• disturbed or catatonic behavior
• negative symptoms such as flat affect or severe lack of motivation

condition that ischaracterized by psychomotor disturbances that involves least 2 of the following

• motor immobility or stupor
• excessive purposeless motor activity
• mutism or extreme negativism
• peculiarities of movement or odd mannerisms
• echolalia - word repetition
• echoproxia - movement repetition

people have dissorganized speech, disturbed behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect

** diagnosis not given if ppl meet the catatonic type criteria

people are preoccupied w/ frequent auditory hallucinations or w/ one or more delusions

diagnosis given to people who have had at least one episode of schizo, but currently lack prominent positive symptoms

assigned to people who have general symptoms of schizo but do not meet the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic type

• They refuse to maintian body weight at or above minimally normal weight for their age and height
• They have an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat even though they are underweight
• miss 3 consecutive menstrual cycles
• disturbance in body weight image
  • restricting - using diet pills, laxatives over exersize
  • binge/purge - over eat then throw up

• engage in recurrent episodes of binge eating that are characterized by 1, eating a large amount of food in a 2 hour period, and 2, experience lack of control while eating during these episodes
• engage in recurrent compensatory behavior aimed at preventing weight gain
• binge eating and compensatory behaviors both occur on average 2 times a week for 3 months
• thier self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body weight and shape

Maladaptive pattern of substance use occuring w/in 12mo that leads to significant impairment or distress evidenced by one or more of the following:

• failure to meet obligations
• use of substance in a physically hazardeous situation
• legal problems
• interpersonal problems

During a 12mo period people show at least 3 of the following

• tolerance
• withdrawal
• use of a substance in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended
• persistant desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control the substance use
• given up on or a reduction of important activities
• continued use despite knowledge of physical and psychological affects

people who either have a single depressive episode or recurrent episodes w/ 2 or more months intervening between episodes

•  Two week period must have first 2 to be diagnosed and then 3 more
  • depressed mood
  • diminished interest in all or most daily activities
  • significant unintentional weight loss
  • insomnia or hypermania
  • psychomotor agitation or retardation
  • fatigue or energy loss
  • feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
  • difficulty concentrating or indecisiveness
  • recurrent thought of death oe suicidal

Period lasting at least 2 years, people experience depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not in a week

• while depressed they experience at least 2 of the following
  • poor appetite or overeating
  • insomnia or hypersomnia
  • low energy or fatigue
  • poor concentration
  • feelings of hopelessness
• during the 2 year period (1 year for children and adolesence) individuals will not be w/o these symptoms for 2 continuous months
• * individual has not had a major depressive episode or any other mood disorders coinsiding

for at least 2 years, people experience numerous periods w/ hypomanhia symptoms and numerous periods with depressive symptoms thatthat do not meet the criteria for major depressive symptoms

• ^{1 yr for children and adolecence}
• ^{never w/o the symptoms for 2 consecutive months}
• ^{no major depressive, manic, or mixed episodes} 

people experience at least 1 manic episode, with the possibility but not the necessity of a major depressive episode

mania

hypomania

lasts at least 1 week

lasts at least 4 days

people who experience panic attacks not due to the physiological effects of substances or to a medical condition and who do not have the symtoms of agoraphobia

• recurrent unexpected panic attacks
• at least one of the attacks has been followed by at least one month during which they experience one of the following:
  • persistent concern about having more attacks
  • worrying about the implications of the attacks or its consequences
  • significant change in behavior related to the attacks

people who experience marked persistant fears that is excessive or unreasonable and that is brought on by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation

• when they encounter the phobic stimuus the expreience immedieate anxiety possibly in the form of a panic attack
• they recognize that their fear is unreasonable
• they avoid the situation or endure it with intense anxiety or distress
• the condition causes distress or disruption in normal activities or relationships

people experience persistant fear of social or performance situations in which they will encounter unfimiliar people or the scrutiny of others, they fear that they will appear anxious or act in an embarrassing or humiliating ways

• when they encounter the fearful situation they experience anxiety possibly in the form of a panic attack
• recognize the fear in unreasonable and excessive
• causes significant distress or disruption

people who experience excessive anxiety and worry occuring more days than not for at least 6mo

• their anxiety, worry or related physical symptoms cause significant distress or impairment
• they find it difficult to control their worry
• their anxiety and worry are associated w/ at least 3 of the following
  • Restlessness, being easily fatigued, concentration difficulty, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances

excessive or unreasonableobsessions/compulsions, 

 causing marked distress consume more than an hour of daily life or interfere significantly in daily living

obsessions are defined by the following 4 features

• recurrent and persistant thoughts, impulses, or images, that sufferers recognize as intusive and inappropriate, causing anxiety or distress
• not simple worries about real life problems
• attempts to ignore or supress these thoughts or to replace them with another thought or action
• recognition that these are products of their own mind

compulsions - 2 features

• repetative behavior that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to ridged rules
• behaviors or mental acts are intended to prevent or reduce the distress of the event

Post-traumatic Stress disorder

• causes clinically significant distress or impairment is assigned to people who have been exposed to a traumatic event in which
• they experienced, witnessed or confronted an even involing actual or threatened death or serious injur, or physical threat to themselves or others
• they responded with intense fear, helplessness, or horror
• for at least one month there is a persistent reexperiencing of the trumatic event in one or more of the following ways:
  • recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event
  • recurrent distressing dreams of the event
  • acting or feeling as if the even were recurring ( reliving of the experience, illusions, hallucinations, dissociative flashbacks)
  • intense distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resembe an aspect of the event
  • physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the event
• for at leas one month there is avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and a numbing of general responsiveness as indecated by  at least three of the following
  • efforts to avoid thought, feelings, or conversation associated with the trauma
  • markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities
  • feelings of detachment or estrangement from others
  • restricted rane of affect ( inability to experience loving feelings)
  • sense of foreshortened future ( pessimism about career, family, and life)
• for at least one month there are eprsiten symptoms of increased arousal, as indicated by at leas two of the following:
  • difficulty falling or staying asleep
  • irritability or outbursts of anger
  • concentration difficulty
  • hypervigilance
  • exaggerated startle response

one or more symptoms or deficits that affect voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological or general medical condition

• psychological factors are judged to be associated with the condition which began or was aggravated following a conflict or stressor
• the condition is not intentionally produced or faked
• after appropriate investigation, the condition cannot be attributed to a general medical condition, substance use, or culturally sanctioned behavior or experience
• the condition causes significant distress or impairment, or it warrants medical evaluation
• the conditon is neither limited to pain or seual dysfuntion nor better explained by another mental disorder
• types are
  • 1: with motor symtom or deficit
  • 2: with sensory sysmtom or deficit
  • 3: with seizure or convulsions, and with mixed presentaton.

assigned to ppl before they reach the age of 30 have many phsycial complaints for years, for which they seek treatment or experience impairment in social occupational, or other important areas of funtion.

• these individuals experience symptoms in each of the folling four categories
  • pain: history of at leas four pain symptoms ( in head, abdomen, back,joints, chest, rectum)
  • Gastrointestinal: hisory of at least two gastrointestinal symptoms ( nausea, bloating, puking, diarrhea)
  • sexual: history of at leas one sexual or reproductive symptom other than pain ( erectile or ejaculatory dysfunction, irregular menstration, menstrual bleeding)
  • pseudoneurological: history of at least one symptom or deficit suggesting a neurological condition not limited to pain ( i.e conversion symptoms, such as impaired coordination or ballance, paralysis, or localized weakness, difficulty swallowing, hallucinations, loss of touch or pain sensation, dissociative symptoms)
  • Either: 1. the symptoms cannot be fully attributed to a know medical conditon or substance use or 2. when there is medical conditon, the physical complaints or impairment is in excess of what would be expected.
  • symptoms are not intentionally produced.

ppl with this condition complain of pain in one or more places hat is of sufficient severity to warrant clinical attention.

• the pain causes significant impairment or distress
• psychological factors are judged to have an important role in the onset, severity, aggravation, or maintenence of th epain
• the pain is not intentionally produced or faked
• the condition is not better accounted for by another mental disor
• types are
  • 1. acute if less than 6 months duration
  • 2. chonic if more than 6 months

ppl w. condition are preoccupied with an imagined defect in thier appearance. even if a slight abnormailty is present, their concern is excessive

• thier preoccupation causes signif. distress or impairment
• their preoccup. is not better acounted for by aother mental sidoer such as anorexia nervosa

ppl w. disorder are preocuppied with fears of having or the idea that they have serious disease due to their misinterpretation of bodily symptoms

• thier preoccupation persists, despite appropriate medical evaluation or reassurance.
• their concern is neither of delusion intensity nor related exclusively to a concern about appearance
• thier preoccupation causes significant distress or impairment
• dustyrbance lasts at least 6 months
• their preoccupation is not better accounted for by another mental disorder.

ppl w. malinger intentionally produce false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms.

• they are motivated by such incentives as avoiding military duty, avoiding work, obtaining financial compensation, evading criminal prosecution, and obtaining unneeded medication.

applies to people who intentionally produce or fake physical or psychological symptoms

• the motivation of these individuals is to assume a sick role
• there are no external incentives such as economic gain or the avoidance of legal responsibilty
• symptoms may be predominatly psycholgical, physical or a comination of both.

given to ppl who experience two or more distinct identities or personality states, such with an enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and the self.

• at least2 of the identities or personaolity states recurrrently take control of the person's behavior
• the person is unable to recall important personal information well beyond what could be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
• the disturbance is not due to substance use or medical condtion

ppl with this disorder experience one or mor eepisodes during which they are unable to recall important personal info, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is well beyond ordinary forgetfulness

• the disturbance does not occur as result of another mental disorder, the use of substances, or a medical or neurological condtion.
• the symptoms cause significant distress or impairment.

ppl w. disorder travel suddenly and unexpectedly away from home or job and are unable to recall thier past

• they are confused about personal identity or they assume a partial or complete new identity
• the disturbance does not occur as a result of another mental disorder, the use of substance, or a medical neurological condition
• symptoms cause signif. distress impairment

this diagnosis given to ppl with persistent or recurrent experiences of feelign detached from their mental processes or body as if in a dream or as if they were external observers

• during the depersonalization experience, they are in touch with reality
• the symptoms casue signif. distress impairment.
• the disturbance does not occur as a result of another mental disorder, the use of substances, or a medical neurological condition.

psychological problems expressed in physical form

• conflict psycholgical converted into physical state.
• blindess after witness murder.