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Psychopharmacology
Slides 1-
35
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/22/2010

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Cards

Term
Can direct acting agents be abruptly discontinued?
Definition
No, it may cause withdrawal or rebound effects.
Term
What are side effects of an Alpha-1 blockade?
Definition
Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, dizziness, syncope, impotency
Term
What are side effects of histamine blockade?
Definition
Sedation, lethargy, weight gain
Term
What neurotransmitter is related to emotions and the reward center?
Definition
Dopamine
Term
Is GABA an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter?
Definition
Inhibitory
Term
Is Acetycholine an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter?
Definition
Excitatory
Term
Is Norepinephrine excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
Excitatory
Term
Is Dopamine excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
Excitatory
Term
Is Glutamate excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
Excitatory
Term
Is Substance P excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
Excitatory
Term
What neurotransmitters increas Cl- flux in postsynaptic neurons
Definition
GABA and Glycine
Term
Is Glycine excitatory or inhibitory?
Definition
inhibitory
Term
What stage of sleep is associated with bed wetting, sleep walking and talking, and night terrors?
Definition
Stage 4
Term
How long does it take to enter REM sleep?
Definition
After 90 minutes of sleep
Term
Do young or elderly have lighter and more fragmented sleep?
Definition
Elderly
Term
How long do complaints of difficulty falling and/or maintaining sleep or a non-restorative sleep need to last before a diagnosis of insomnia?
Definition
At least 1 month
Term
Do young adults have difficulty falling or staying asleep?
Definition
Falling asleep
Term
Are sedating antihistamines used for short or long term treatment of insomnia?
Definition
Short term
Term
What is the mechanism of action for sedating antihistamines?
Definition
Central blockade of histamine-1 and cholinergic receptors. Also blocks peripheral histamine-1, alpha, and cholinergic receptors
Term
Do sedating antihistamines restore or promote sleep?
Definition
Promote
Term
Is there drug hangover with sedating antihistamines?
Definition
Yes
Term
What is an alternative drug option for patients needing restorative sleep but cannot be treated with a benzodiazepine?
Definition
Antidepressants
Term
What is the name of the medication give to patient with a history of substance abuse for maintenance of sleep?
Definition
Trazodone
Term
What is the name of the alternative medication for sleep disorders?
Definition
Valerian
Term
What drug is indicated to promote the onset of sleep?
Definition
Ramelteon
Term
Does Ramelteon cause drug hangovers?
Definition
Yes, since it has a half-life of up to 5 hours
Term
What is a serious adverse reaction associated with Ramelteon and other sleep medications?
Definition
Suicidal ideation
Term
Can you drink alcohol while taking Ramelteon?
Definition
No
Term
What are the 3 drugs that shouldn't be taken with Ramelteon?
Definition
Fluvoxamine, Protease inhibitors, and anticonvulsants
Term
Which zolpidem is used for sleep induction?
Definition
Ambien
Term
Which zolpidem is used for sleep maintenance?
Definition
Ambien CR
Term
How does zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszcopiclone work?
Definition
Bind to benzodiazepine receptors, resulting in enhanced GABA-associated hyperpolarization
Term
Are zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone safe to use in patients with sleep apnea or COPD?
Definition
No
Term
Is there drug hangover with zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone?
Definition
Yes, with repeated use
Term
What is the name of the antagonist to Zolpidem, Zaleplon, and Eszopiclone?
Definition
Flumazenil
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