Term
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Definition
-1800's
-"manie sans délire" (Moral insanity) |
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Term
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Definition
| -The Mask of Sanity, 1941 & 1982 |
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Term
| Cleckley's Criteria for Psychopathy |
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Definition
| -Charming; absence of delusions; absence of nervousness; unreliability; untruthful & insincere; lack of remorse or shame; low motivation; poor judgement; pathologic egocentricity; loss of insight; unresponsiveness to interpersonal relations; promiscuous sex life; and failure to follow any life plan |
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Term
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Definition
-NOT in DSM-IV
-heavily studied
-forensic psychology: interpersonal violence; sexual violence; and criminal recidivism |
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Term
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Definition
-heritability estimates vary
-low serotonin and levels
-serotogenic disturbance early in life
-additional research is needed
-possible dopamine-serotonin interaction for criminality |
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Term
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Definition
-low levels are associated with Antisocial acts
-elevated levels are associated with higher psychopathy scores
-possible dopamine-serotonin interaction for criminality |
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Term
| Testosterone and Psychopathy |
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Definition
-elevated peripheral tesosterone associated with aggression
-violent prisoners tend to have higher testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
-environmental factors of psychopathy
-elevated levels of lead in blood
-increase in psychopathic symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
-environmental factors in psychopathy
-SES, socio-economic status
-physical punishment
-communicative styles
-anti-social peers |
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Term
| Childhoods Role in Psychopathy |
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Definition
-low parental supervision/involvement
-parental indifference or neglect
-overly harsh punishment
-erratic and inconsistent punishments
-child abuse linked to higher arrest rates
-parental conflict predicts later offending |
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Term
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Definition
-parenting and childhood factors of psychopathy
-children may inherit temperament that leaves them with low arousal and low fear response
-this disrupts the formation of conscience, guilt, or concern of punishment |
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Term
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Definition
-prefrontal cortex is crucial in impulse control, emotional learning, and decision-making
-damage to the frontal cortex can result in violent aggression |
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Term
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Definition
-neuroanatomy
-orbital and ventrolateral frontal cortex and amygdala dysfunction
-agression
-maladaptive response |
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Term
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Definition
-prefrontal damage can halt anticipation of reward/punishment
-studies found loss of volume associated with antisocial personality disorder
-dysfunction in temporal lobe leads to lack of empathy and maybe aggression |
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Term
| Predictive Validity of Psychopathy |
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Definition
-institutional infractions
-overall and violent record
-goal directed violence
-sexual recidivism (for rapists)
-1% in population and 15-25% in prisons |
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Term
| Psychopathy Checklist-Revised |
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Definition
-also called PCL-R
-Two main categories: Interpersonal Affective and Social Deviance
-each has two subcategories:
--Interpersonal Facet and Affective Facet
--Lifestyle Facet and Antisocial Facet |
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Term
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Definition
-glibness/superficial charm
-grandiose sense of self-worth
-pathological lying
-conning/manipulative |
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Term
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Definition
-lack of remorse
-shallow affect
-callous/lack of empathy
-failure to accept responsibility for actions |
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Term
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Definition
-need for stimulation
-parasitic lifestyle
-lack of realistic long term goals
-impulsivity
-irresponsibility |
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Term
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Definition
-poor behavioral controls
-early behavioral problems
-juvenile delinquency
-revocation of conditional release
-criminal versatility |
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Term
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Definition
-business men
-leaders
-fictional characters |
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Term
| O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975) |
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Definition
| -a state cannot constitutionally confine a non-dangerous individual who is capable of surviving safely in freedom by themselves or with the help of willing and responsible family members or friends |
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Term
| Barefoot v. Estelle (1983) |
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Definition
-clinical opinions given by psychiatrists hired by the prosecution cannot answer hypothetical questions regarding the defendant's future dangerousness and the likelihood that he would present a continuing threat to society
-The American Psychiatric Association supported this decision |
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Term
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Definition
-minors can be detained if:
-it is likely they will skip court
-or-
-before court commit what would be a crime for an adult |
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Term
| Kansas v. Hendricks (1997) |
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Definition
| -Court set forth procedures for the indefinite civil commitment of prisoners convicted of a sex offense whom the state deems dangerous due to a mental abnormality. |
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Term
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Definition
-"the proximate cause of violence is a decision to act violently"
-Violence Risk: nature, severity, frequency, imminence, likelihood |
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Term
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Definition
| -research demonstrates that use of clinical judgement yields better prediction of violence than merely flipping a coin |
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Term
| Research & Actuarial Approaches |
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Definition
-Violence risk assessment guide (VRAG): inclusive of PCL-R
-classification of violence risk (COVR)
-sexually violent measure (STATIC-99)
-Domestic Violence (DVRAG) |
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Term
| MacArthur Violence RA Study |
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Definition
-a table of major violence risk factors
-ex: prior arrests, child abuse, etc.
-all ranked by seriousness and frequency |
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Term
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Definition
-a structured judgment approach for violence risk
-10 historical factors
-5 clinical factors
-5 risk management factors |
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Term
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Definition
-10 total
-previous violence; young age at first violent incident; relationship instability; employment problems; substance use problems; major mental illness; psychopathy; early maladjustment; personality disorder; prior supervision failure |
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Term
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Definition
-5 total
-lack of insight
-negative attitudes
-active symptoms of major mental illness
-impulsivity
-unresponsive to treatment |
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Term
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Definition
-5 total
-plans lack feasibility
-exposure to destabilizers
-lack of personal support
-noncompliance with remediation attempts
-stress |
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Term
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Definition
-an expert-rated tool, rendering a total score and two factor scores
-Factor 1: Personality "Aggressive narcissism"
-Factor 2: Case history "Socially deviant lifestyle". |
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Term
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Definition
-to break confidentiality counselor must have "viable threat" to an imminent and identifiable target
-extensions of this duty have been granted for: property, potential victim without an explicit threat, those close to an identifiable target, victims yet unknown(pedophile cases) |
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Term
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Definition
-perpetrator must be 16 years or older; or 5 years older
-heterosexual acts are more common |
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Term
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Definition
-Emotional Congruence
-Sexual Arousal
-Blockage
-Disinhibition |
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Term
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Definition
Four Factor Theory
-fit between the emotional needs of the adult and the child's characteristics
-offenders arrested development
-low self-esteem and low self-efficacy
-relating to child provides feelings of dominance and control |
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Term
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Definition
Four Factor Theory
-development of sexual arousal toward children
-possibly conditioned from early experiences
-lots of kids have experiences but not all become pedophiles |
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Term
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Definition
Four Factor Theory
-some people are "Blocked" in their ability to get sexual and emotional needs from adults
-traumatic experience in early sexual
-marital breakdown
-personality(timid, poor social skills, unassertive) |
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Term
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Definition
Four Factor Theory
-breakdown of conventional inhibitions regarding sex with children
-poor impulse control
-great personal stress
-applied to incest with stepchildren as well |
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Term
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Definition
| -multiple studies have found child molesters to harbor cognitive distortions relation to adult-child interaction |
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Term
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Definition
-same have suggested molesters lack empathy
-but research shows that they just can't feel empathy for their victims |
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Term
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Definition
-specialized actuarial measures used to assess sex offenders risk: Static-99, MnSOST, & RSVP
-consider status and dynamic risk factors |
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Term
| Texas Commitment Requirements (SVP) |
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Definition
-at least two sex offenses
-"a congenital or acquired condition that is affecting a persons emotional or volitional capacity(paraphilia)"
-psychopathy must be evaluated |
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Term
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Definition
-legal argument that a defendant should not be held responsible for an illegal act if it is attributable to mental illness that interferes with:
-A. rationality/voliton
-B. knowing the difference between right and wrong
-a legal defense, NGRI |
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Term
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Definition
| -no better than a baby or wild beast |
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Term
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Definition
-suffers from a defect of reason or disease of the mind and doesn't know nature of the act
-AND-
-didn't know right from wrong |
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Term
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Definition
| -insanity applies if the product of a mental defect |
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Term
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Definition
-insanity applies when the peson lacks substantial capacity for one of:
-appreciate wrongfulness of the act
-failure to conform conduct to the law because of a mental defect |
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Term
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Definition
-@federal level
-removes volitional prompt, no longer about behavior
-bars ultimate issue testimony
-switches burden of proof to the defense, w/ 75% |
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Term
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Definition
-not responsible
-forensic hospital
-not given a sentence
-released when no more mental illness
-receives psychiatric treatment |
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Term
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Definition
-guilty, but mentally ill
-responsible
-incarcerated
-given sentence
-released at end of sentence UNLESS still mentally ill, then possibility for being committed |
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Term
| Public Belief of Insanity v. truth |
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Definition
-Myth: 1/3 of criminals raise the defense, and half those are succesful
-Truth: 1% raise plea, /4 of those are successful |
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Term
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Definition
-intentionally faking or exaggeration
-tested by MMPI-2 and TOMM |
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Term
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Definition
-MSE: Mental Status Exam
-R-CRAS: Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scale |
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Term
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Definition
-mental state at time of offense
-requires presence of mental illness
-legal defense
-requires admission of crime |
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Term
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Definition
-mental state at any time
-mental illness NOT required
-postpones adjudication(trial)
-does NOT require admission |
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Term
| Competency Evaluations Should |
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Definition
-1. Assess functional abilities
-2. Casually explain competency defects
-3. Summarize interactive effects of competency deficits
-4. Offer conclusions/opinions on competency
-5. Offer prescriptive remediation plan |
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Term
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Definition
-life span increasing, means more people on life support and living with disease
-this means there are more "end of life" decisions |
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Term
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Definition
-legal in three states; Oregon, Washington, Montana
-majority of states prohibit assisting any suicide
-there have been several unsuccessful cases in District and Supreme Courts |
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Term
| Oregon Death with Dignity Act |
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Definition
-Passed in 1994, enacted in 1997
-required: resident of oregon; 18 y/o; terminal illness w/ 6 month life expectancy; competent to make the decision |
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Term
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Definition
-based on facts given by attending physician
-medical diagnosis; prognosis; potential risks of taking meds; feasible alternatives
-decisional capacity impaired by "psychiatric or psychological disorder or depression" |
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Term
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Definition
-autonomy
-rational suicide |
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Term
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Definition
-suicide as pathological
-inadequate palliative care
-less expensive alternative
-potential for abuse
-slippery slope for euthanasia
-legitimize suicide |
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Term
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Definition
-no standards for evals but some generic advice
-common prongs of competence:
--ability to communicate a choice; factual understanding of information; appreciation of possible consequences; rational understanding of information
-threshold is set low; competence is assumed unless proven otherwise
-mere presence or history of mental illness insufficient |
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Term
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Definition
| -mental disorders; previous attempts; social isolation; physical illness; unemployment; family conflict; family history; impulsivity; incarceration; hopelessness; serotonin dysfunction; agitation/sleep; exposure to suicide; homelessness; combat exposure; low openness to experience; pulling together; low self-esteem/shame |
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Term
| The Interpersonal Psychological Theory (IPTS) |
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Definition
-highly supported, psychosocial model of suicide
-three components and when two are present suicide is viable, and when all three are present suicide is highly likely.
-1. perceived burdensomeness (believe they are a burden to family, friends, caregivers, or society as a whole)(People would be better off without me)
-2. thwarted need to belong (social rejection, my sense of belonging has been thwarted, i think of myself as a loner with no hope of it getting better)
-3. Acquired capability for suicide (fears of suicide make it less likely)
-ALL three leads to completed suicide or near fatal attempt |
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Term
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Definition
-the camaraderie and sense of belongingness from being a sports team can be considerable, expecially under conditions of success
-success of sport team
-may raise feeling of belongingness therefor lowering likelihood of suicide |
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Term
| Categories of Risk Suicide |
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Definition
-Baseline
-Acute
-Chronic high risk
-Chronic high risk w/ acute exacerbation |
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Term
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Definition
-mild
-moderate
-severe
-extreme |
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Term
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Definition
-give emergency contact numbers
-create a coping card (crisis response plan)
-symptoms-matching hierarchy
-document activities and continue to monitor risk |
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Term
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Definition
-low risk management PLUS
-midweek phone check-ins |
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Term
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Definition
-Low and moderate management PLUS
-consult a supervisor before the client leaves the clinic
-consider emergency mental health options with supervisor
-client should be accompanied and monitored at all times
-if hospitalization is not warranted, use steps from "moderate" category |
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