1. Major depressive episode, manic episode, or mixed episode present at the same time as episode of Schizophrenia
2. periods of 2 weeks of only delusions and/or hallucinations in the absence of prominent mood symptoms
3. mood symptoms present for substantial portion of time during psychotic episode

1. Disorganized
2. catatonic
3. paranoid
4. undifferentiated
5. residual

1. Pronounced incoherence of speech
2. mood disturbance
3. disorganized behavior, or lack of goal orientation

2+ symptoms

1. Motoric immobility - maintenance of fixed body posture or stupor
2. excessive purposeless motor activity
3. extreme negativism - rigid attempts to remain motionless or resist instruction (or mutism)
4. peculiarity of body movement - inappropriate or bizarre stereotyped movements or manerisms
5. echolalia - automatic repition of what others say
6. echophraxia - involuntary repetition of others' movement

Automatic repition of what others say

Involuntary repition of other's movements

1. Delusions and/or hallucinations related to themes of persecutions and grandeur

far more common than disorganized or catatonic types

show better function and are more normal than the other types

active appearance after 25 years of age

Criteria A for Schizophrenia is met, but none of the other subtypes are fully met

1. Absence of prominent delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic, or grossly disorganized behavior
2. continuing evidence of disturbance: negative symptoms of two or more criterion A symptoms in attenuated form

1. Delusions
2. Auditory Hallucinations
3. Thought Disorder

1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized Speech
4. Grossly exagerated or catatonic behavior
5. Negative Symptoms

1. Flat, Blunted, or constricted affect and emotion
2. Poverty of speech
3. lack of motivation

1. attenuated positive symptoms, or only negative symptoms
2. phase
• seen in 75% of first episode patients
• average duration 3-4 years

1/4

1. Recurrent, drug-related failure to fulfill major role obligations
2. recurrent drug use in physically dangerous situations
3. recurrent drug-related legal problems
4. continued drug use despite social or interpersonal problems

3/7

1. Preoccupation with drug
2. unintentional overuse
3. tolerance
4. withdrawal
5. persistent desire or efforts to control drug use
6. abandonment of important social, occupational, or recreational activities
7. continued drug use despite serious health-related problems

1. poor self regulation, anxiety, depression, shyness
2. family dynamic - depressed, anggressive parents
3. peer relationship and culture - acceptibility, advertising, access from peers/culture, having close friends who do it
4. gene-environment interaction - specific to alcohol and general (lack of impulse control)
5. brain development and gaps in maturity- risk taking vs decision making difference
6. different sensitivity to alcohol - adolescents are less likely to be hung over than adults are

The relative power of the cortical and limbic brain regions to modulate the more primitive, reactive output of the brainstems and the midbrain

2.0 with optimal experience.

1. Positive symptoms
2. Abrupt onset
3. preserved intelligence
4. better response to antipsychotic meds

1. Negative symptoms
2. gradual onset
3. greater chronicity and intellectual impairment
4. poorer response to psychotic drugs

Custodial care

Therapeutic community

people are warehoused and forgotten

top down power system

administrators > nursing staff > patients

Individuals have power to influence other individuals in the community through voting them into, or out of the community.

focuses on self-help

• Deficits in social interaction
• lack of social or emotional reciprocity
• deficits in communication
• defitis in activities or interests
• motor mannerisms like hand or finger flapping or twisting

deficits in social interaction

deficits in activities and interests

impairments in

.....

language development

cognitive development

adaptive behavior

self-help skills

curiosity about the environment

 Sever and lasting impairment in several areas of development, including social interactions, communication with others, and everyday behaviors, interests, and activities. 

1. Autism
2. Asperger's
3. Rett's Disorder
4. Childhood Disintigrative disorder

Biological/social/psychological factors

+

biological/social/psychologic triggers

=

disorder

normal development and head circumfrence of head for 5 months 

deceleration of head growth between 5 and 48 months

loss of learned motor and social skills

poor development of motor skills and language

Normal development for 2 years

significant loss by age 10 in at least 2:

expressive or receptive language, social skills, or adaptive behavior

bowel or bladder control

play, motor skills

abnormalities of functioning in at least 2 of the following

social interaction

communication or restrivtive, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities

Target dopamine receptors

reduce positive symptoms

Delays or other problems in the processing of sensory information

schizophrenic symptom

1. content of thought: various delusions
2. Perception: hallucinations
3. form of thought: loose associations
4. Attention deficits
5. Emotional disturbance

1. Grossly peculiar/wrong beliefs
• Persecutory delusions - believing someone is after you
• delusions of reference - believing someone is talking to you
• thought broadcasting

derailment of thought

circumstantial thinking

tangential thinking

illogical thinking

1. Hyper-vigilance to extraneous stimuli
• probably due to sensory gating effect
• less adaptation to repeated stimuli
2. cognitive flooding

Blunt affect

flat affect

inappropriate affect