• syndrome
• personailty/retardation
• medical conditions
• stressors
• global assessment of function

Problems with DSM IV system

• same syndrome can have different causes (low validity) due to categorical nature
• limited hierarchies of exlusions
• arbitrary boundaries between the normal and abnormal in axis I and II

Advantage of DSM IV

• different people can arrive at same conclusion the great majority of the time (highly reliable)
• justifies tretament and consult literature

• psychotic
• cognitive
• affective
• anxiety
• dissociative
• substance related

Define Secondary syndrome

• assumes fixed, maladaptive qualities rather than problems that may be acquired

• mad- cant process or interpret the world (ex: schizo)
• bad- consistantly disruptive behavior (ex: narcissistic, antisocial)
• sad- afraid, inadequate (ex: obsessive compulsive)

How would you classify axis I and II?

• assess risk
• biopsychosocial model (see what the causes are, resources as well as deficits)

• fundamental functions (ex: mood, appetite, sex, homeostasis)
• higher cortical functions (ex: memory, language)
• systems regulating attachment and social behavior (ex: quality of relationships)

• causal (what happened before to shape patterns)
• context (what is going on now)