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tranform light energy into an electrochemical neural response
represent characterisitcs of objects in out environment such as size color shape and location |
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| look at pic of structure of eye |
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| registration of physical stimuli |
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| anatomy and function of the ear |
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| anatomy and functio of the eye |
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| measurement of sensory experiences |
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| purpose of sensory processing |
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| transform physical stimuli in environment into neural signal in brain |
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| auditory perception occurs when: |
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| sound waves interact with structures of the ear |
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| changes over time in the pressure of an elastic medium (air or water) |
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| theres no sound waves and thus no sound |
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| frequency of a sound is related to |
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| amplitude of a sound is related to |
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| acts as funnel to direct sound waves towards inner ear |
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consists of 3 small bones
that amplify sound |
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| contains the structures that actually transduce sound into neural response called transductions |
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| timpanic membrane (ear drum) |
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| divides outside part/inside |
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| middle ear contains everything between |
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cochlea
and explain transduction |
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curly thing
basilar membrane-fluid filled coil (like jelly) sets fluid into waving motion which bends little hairs to bend and nerv connected to it firesto auditoynerve and crosses to opp. temporal lobe |
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| the structures of the ear |
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| transform (changes in air pressure) sound waves into vibrations in basilar membrane |
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| waves come fast and hairs bend fast; waves bend slow, hairs slow |
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diff. frequencies stimulate dif parts of the basilar membrane |
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is place theory or frequency theory correct? |
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low freq. sounds- freq thoery is correct
high freq sounds- place theory is correct |
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| where fine focusing occurs |
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jello stuff giving eye shape |
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| 2 photoreceptors rods and cones |
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process light in dark
cant see fine detail ; cant see color
Around edges of retina |
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normal light and color vision;fine spatial detail
located in fovea center of the eye (center of retina)
more cones than rods |
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region with no rods or cones
brain sometimes fills in blind spot |
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| our brain interprets dif in wavelength of light as colors |
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| why can we see color bc of cones? |
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| there are 3 types of cones |
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| trichromatic theory of color |
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| by mixing red green and blue all colors can be created |
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developed trichromatic theory of color.
(3 dif cones=3 dif colors) |
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cones operate: you switch them to get dif colors (afterimages)
hepping |
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| is trichromatc theory or opponen process correct? |
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| we have 3 types of cones resp. to 3 colors by wsitching. |
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red green
black white
blue yellow |
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| function fo photoreceptors |
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| transduce the energy in lihgt into a neural response |
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| where does transdction occur? |
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| conscious representation of the external environment |
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| perceptional organization was besst provided by |
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gestalt psych. believed that:
QUOTE |
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| the whole is better than the part |
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| gestalt psych. thought that our perceptual systems auto. organized sensory input based on these certain rules |
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proximity
similarity
closure
common movement |
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see things in 3d
its dif bc its 2d when enters brain brain changes into 3d
there ar clues so we can see depth perception called stimulus |
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| 2 types of depth perception cues |
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monocular-cues that appear in image in either right/left eye
binocular-cues taht involve comparing left eye and rigt eye |
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| things in front block out things in back |
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| closer things look bigger |
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| things in back seem to converge (like a road) |
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carpet right by you pattern
carpet far pattern fuzzy and less defined |
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occlusion
relative image size
linear perspective
texture gradient
position relative to horizon
differential lighting/shades of surfaces |
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| gave monocular cues so that it gives the illusion that the 2 ppl are equally far away |
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when we look through both eyes bc we see a slightly dif view of the world |
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difference between the image
the greater the disparity the closer something is (finger test) |
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| eyes turn in toward eachotehr when trying to look at something up close |
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when viewing conditions change retinal image changes even if the objects being viewed remain constant
ex. a perso walks away form u their retinal image decreases in size |
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| depth cues such as linear perspectives and texture help us judge shape accurately |
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| combining elements of perception |
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we cant constantly be aware of all the perceptual info available to us at any one time
we choose what we listen to and what we hear (at a restaurant) |
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| some aspects are unconscious (restaurant) |
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| reading colors in dif color print affects |
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1. brief transition stage-still falling asleep
2-4. slow wave sleep/successivley deeper slow irregular high amplitude delta waves
when u reach 4 at about 80 min. u go back up to 3, 2 then REM sleep emerges (longer in deeper phases characterized by EEG patterns that resemble beta waves)
four - five sleep cycle occur..most time spent in REM
if ur not getting enough sleep, u skip stages and go straight to 4
as u get closer to morning...u get more REM sleep |
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| body wears out during day =.,.sleep necessary to rest (esp. neurtransmitters) |
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| preservation and production theory |
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| sleep emerged in evolution to preserve enegy and protect during night dangers |
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| third theory why we sleep |
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circadian rhythm
and cues |
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any rhythmic change continues at close to a 24 hour cycle in the absence of 24 hr cues
body temp
cortisol secretion
sleep and wakefiulness
in absene of time cues...rhythms will be about 25 hr long |
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| lacks vivid sensory and motor is more similar to daytime thnking |
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| sleep interaction in which 1 hypnotist suggests that vertain perceptions =, feelings, thoughts or behaviors will occur |
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