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| the set of factors that initiate and direct behavior, usually toward some goal |
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| psychological events involving (1) a physiological reaction, usually arousal; (2) some kind of expressive reaction, such as a distinctive facial expression; and (3) some kind of subjective experience, such as the conscious feeling of being happy and sad |
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| unlearned characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering stimuli in the world |
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| a psychological state that arises in response to an internal physiological need, such as hunger or thirst |
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| the process though which the body maintains a steady state, such as a constant internal temperature or an adequate amount of fluids |
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| external factors in the environment that exert pulling effects on our actions |
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| an internal drive or need for achievement that is possessed by all individuals to varying degrees |
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| goal-directed behavior that seems to be entirely self-motivated |
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| the idea popularized by Maslow that human needs are prioritized in a hierarchy |
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| a kind of sugar that cells require for energy production |
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| a hormone released by the pancreas that helps pump nutrients in the blood into the cells, where thy can be stored as fat of metabolized into needed energy |
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| a hormone that may regulate the amount of energy stored in fat cells |
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| a natural body weight, perhaps produced by genetic factors, that the body seeks to maintain |
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| a weight problem characterized by excessive body fat |
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| an eating disorder diagnosed when an otherwise healthy person refuses to maintain a normal weight level because of an intense fear of being overweight |
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| an eating disorder in which the principal symptom is binge eating (consuming large quantities of food) followed by purging, in which the person voluntarily vomits or uses laxatives to prevent weight gain |
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| the first component of the human sexual response cycle; it's characterized by changes in muscle tension, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and a rushing of blood into the genital organs |
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| the second stage in the human sexual response cycle. arousal continues to increase, although at a slower rate, toward a preorgasm maximum point |
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| the third stage in the human sexual response cycle. it's characterized by rhythmic contractions in the sex organs; in men, ejaculation occurs. there is also the subjective experience of pleasure, which appears to be similar for men and women |
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| the fourth and final stage in the human sexual response cycle. arousal returns to normal levels. for men, there is a refractionary period during which further stimulation fails to produce visible signs of arousal |
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| learned cognitive programs that instuct us on how, why, and what to do in our interactions with sexual partners |
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| a person's sexual and emotional attraction to members of the same sex or the other sex; homosexuality, heterosexuality, and bisexuality are all sexual orientations |
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| facial-feedback hypothesis |
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| the proposal that muscles in the face deliever signals to the brain that are then interpreted, depending on the pattern, as a subjective emotional state |
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| a theory of emotion that argues that body reactions precede and drive the subjective experience of emotions |
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| a theory of emotion that argues that body reactions and subjective experiences occur together, but independently |
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| a theory of emotion that argues that the cognitive interpretation, or appraisal, of a body reaction drives the subjective experience of emotion |
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