Term
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Definition
| the capacity to preserve and recover information |
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Term
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Definition
| the processes that determine and control how memories are formed |
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Term
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Definition
| the processes that determine and control how memories are stored and kept over time |
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Term
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Definition
| the processes that determine and control how memories are recovered and translated into performance |
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Term
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Definition
| ab exact replica of an ebvironmental message, which usually lasts for a second or less |
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Term
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Definition
| a limited-capacity system that we use to hold information after it has been analyzed for periods lasting less than a minute or two |
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Term
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Definition
| the system that produces and stores visual sensory memories |
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Term
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Definition
| the system that produces and stores auditory sensory memories |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategic process that helps to maintain short-term memories indefinitely through the use of internal repetition |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of items that can be recalled from short-term memory in their proper presentation order on half of the tested memory trials |
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Term
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Definition
| a short-term memory strategy that involves rearranging incoming information into meaningful or familiar patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| the system used to maintain information for extended periods of time |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory for a particular event, or episode, that happened to you personally, such as remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning or where you went on vacation last year |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge about the world, stored as facts that make little or no refernce to one's personal experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge about how to do things, such as riding a bike or swinging a golf club |
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Term
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Definition
| an encoding process that involves the formation of connections between to-be-reminded input and other information in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| refers how unique or different a memory record is from other things in memory. distinctive memory records tend to be recalled well |
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Term
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Definition
| the processes used to construct an internal visual image |
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Term
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Definition
| spacing the repetitions of to-be-remembered information over time |
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Term
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Definition
| the better memory of items near the beginning of a memorized list |
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Term
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Definition
| the better memory of items near the end of a memorized list |
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Term
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Definition
| special mental tasks that help people think about material in ways that improve later memory. most mnemonic devices require the use of visual imagery |
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Term
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Definition
| a mnemonic device in which you choose some pathway, such as moving through the rooms in your house, and then form visual images of the to-be-remembered items sitting in locations along the pathway. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mnemonic device in which you form visual images connecting to-be-remembered items with retrieval cues, or pegs |
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Term
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Definition
| rich memory records of the circumstances surronding emotionally significant and surprising events |
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Term
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Definition
| a testing condition in which a person is asked to remember information without explicit retrieval cues |
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Term
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Definition
| a testing condition in which people are given a explicit retrieval cue to help them remember |
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Term
| transfer-appropriate processing |
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Definition
| the idea that the likelihood of correct retrieval is increased if a person uses the same kind of mental processes during testing that he or she used during encoding |
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Term
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Definition
| an organized knowledge structure in long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| remembering that occurs in the absence of conscious awareness or willful intent |
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Term
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Definition
| conscious, willful remembering |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of accessibility to previously stored material |
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Term
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Definition
| the proposal that memories are forgotten or lost spontaneously with the passage of time |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which the formation of new memories hurts the recovery of old memories |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which old memories interefere with the establishment and recovery of new memories |
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Term
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Definition
| a defense mechanism that individuals use, unknowingly, to push threatening thoughts, memories, and feelings out of conscious awareness |
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Term
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Definition
| forgetting that is caused by physical problems in the brain, such as those induced by injury or disease |
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Term
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Definition
| memory loss for events that happened prior to the point of brain injury |
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Term
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Definition
| memory loss for events that happen after the point of physical injury |
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