Term
|
Definition
| an inborn tendency to notice and respond to novel or surprising events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the decline in the tendency to respond to an event that has become familiar through repeated exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased responsiveness or sensitivity, to an event that has been repeated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of procedures used to investigate how organisms learn about the signaling properties of events. Classical conditioning involves learning relations between events-conditioned and unconditioned stimuli-that occur outside of ones control |
|
|
Term
| unconditioned stimulus (US) |
|
Definition
| a stimulus that automatically leads to an observable response prior to any training |
|
|
Term
| Unconditioned Response (UR) |
|
Definition
| the observable response that is produced automatically, prior to training, on presentation of an unconditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
|
Definition
| Teh acquired response that is produced by the conditioned stimulus in anticipation of the unconditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
|
Definition
| The neutral stimulus that is paired with the unconditioned stimulus during classical conditioning |
|
|
Term
| Second-order conditioning |
|
Definition
| a procedure in which an established conditioned stimulus is used to condition a second neutral stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resonding to a new stimulus in a way similar to the response produced by an established conditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responding differently to a new stimulus than how one responds to an established conditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conditioned responding becomes stronger with repeated CS-US pairings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presenting a conditioned stimulus repeatedly, after conditioning, without the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a loss in responding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the recovery of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of nonexposure to the conditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning that an event signals the absence of the unconditioned stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a procedure for studying how organisms learn about the consequences of their own voluntary actions (also called instrumental conditioning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if a response in a particular situation is followed by a statisfying consequence, it will be strengthened. If a response in a particular situation is followed by a unsatisfying consequence, it will be weakened. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stimulus situation that sets the occasion for a response to be followed by reinforcement or punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| response consequences that increase the likelihood of responding in a similar way again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an event that, when presented after a response, increases the likelihood of that response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an event that, when removed after a reponse, increases the likelihood of that response occuring again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through prior learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consequences that decrease the likelihood of responding in a similar way again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an event that, when presented after a response, lowers the likelihood of that response occuring again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an event that, when when removed after a response, lowers the likelihood of that response occuring again |
|
|
Term
| schedule of reinforcement |
|
Definition
| a rule that an experimenter uses to determine when particular responses will be reinforced |
|
|
Term
| partial reinforcement schedule |
|
Definition
| a schedule in which reinforcement is delivered only some of the time after the response has occured |
|
|
Term
| Fixed-ratio (FR) schedule |
|
Definition
| a schedule in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is fixed and does not change |
|
|
Term
| Variable-ratio (VR) schedule |
|
Definition
| a schedule in which a certain number of responses are required for reinforcement, but the number of required responses typically changes |
|
|
Term
| Fixed-interval (FI) schedule |
|
Definition
| a schedule in which the reinforcement is delivered for the first response that occurs following a fixed interval of time |
|
|
Term
| Variable-interval (VI) schedule |
|
Definition
| a schedule in which the allotted time before a response will yeild reinforcement varies from trial to trail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a procedure in which reinforcement is delivered for successive approximations of the desired response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning by observing the experience of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the natural tendency to imitate the behavior of significant |
|
|
