• early form of hypnosis created by him
• physician in Paris
• made people think he was magical when he wasn't
• made people think they where cured
• found some people are easier to hypnotise

• can do more under hypnosis then in full consciousness
• some might not be hypnotised but still go with it
• cures memory loss

Posthypnotic Amnesia

Failure to retrieve memories folloeing hypnotic suggestions to forget

Told durring Hypnotice not to remember something and they don't remember when they are out of hypnotice

reduction oof pain through hypnosis in people who are hypnotically susceptible

sometimes works better than drugs

Awake

(high frequency wave)

Drowsy/awake

(low frequence waves)

deepest sleep

(3/4) slow wave

Fast random

Rem sleep

Rem Sleep

EOG

(Electrooculograph)

studied sleep and found dreams happen in real time

Brain goes from stage to stage when you sleep

Going to stage 4 shortens as the night progresses and REM sleep lengthes as the night goes on

Go through 5 None REM and REM cycles a night

sleep alot as a child but as you get older you sleep less

adults get 7-7.5 hours on average

Found people can't learn things if they are up late

they need REM sleep

REM sleep is very important

Sleep Disorders

1

insomnia

       - most common sleep disorder

       -difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep

       -15% of adults have it bad 15% have it ever now and then

Sleeping Pills

         -can make sleep disorders worse

Sleep Apnea

         -person stops breathing for a brief perios while asleep

         -ushally snores

Somnambulism

         -sleepwalking

         -most common is children 11 or 12

Narcolepsy

         -fall asleep all of the sudden in the middle of the day

Charicteristics of Dreaming

• feel emotion
• thoughts are illogical
• sensations
• uncritical acceptance
• difficulty of remembering
• most remembered is nightmares
• trauma causes nightmares

• Thinks dreams are designed to be confusing and obscure
• dreams are wishes we want but are seen as taboo
• if you think about something before you go to bed you will dream about it

Manifestcontent

• they take drugs to exsperience an altered state of consciousness
• ushally plesant at first
• is adictive
• not addicted at first but get addicted over usage

• drug tolerant
• physically dependent
• psychologically dependent

tendency for larger doses of a drug to be require over time to achieve the same effect

can lead to overdoses

when drugs taken away you can exsperience withdrawl

Pain

Convulsions

Hallucinations

other unpleasnat symptoms

still crave it though your body gave it up

an emotional need

Play now / Pay late

idea

people have the earge to want fun now and can't see the consequences later

you continue is mostly with the people you did it with but take that away and you are more likely to quit

most commenly used in alcohol

has a calming effect

get sleepy if you take to much

can arrest breathing

can cause physical and psychological dependence

12 < (52%) have drank in the last month

18-25 (60%) have drank in the last month

young people drink a lot

influences increased activity in the neuratrons-mitter GABA

GABA-transmitts neural impulses

depressent

behavior is ebserved following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus ans also folloeing the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus

people who thought they where drinking alcohol acted drunk

alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respind in simple ways to complex situations

they do things you always wanted but never could

Barbiturates

Benzodiazepines

Toxic Inhalants

Perscribed by doctors to treat anxiety or sleep problems

causes physical and psychological dependence

excites the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels

was once perscribed

can cause insomnia, aggression, paranoia

increases teh levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain

increases alertness and energy

when taken away causes fatigue and negative emotions

drugs derived from opim that are capable of relieving pain

relaxes the user

long term uses causes tolerance and dependance

brain makes endorphins and endogenous opiates which are neurotransmitters that are closely related to opiates

Produces the most exstreme alterations of consciousness

they're drugs that alter sensations and perceptions often causing hallucinations

ushally derives from plants

the effects are unpredictable

less likely to get hooked on these drugs

overdose deaths are rare

the leaces and buds of teh hemp plant

effects judgment short term memory and impairs motor skills and coordinations

makes you hungry

sleep

drugs

hypnosis

less seep leads to more and more sleep deprivition

how much sleep you need is genetically realted

sleepless leads to agression obiesity learning retriction and illness

Echidna is the only mammal that doesn't sleep EDGAR

adenosine makes you feel sleepy and caffeen blocks it / computers do too

no good reason to why we sleep but it might be related to learning and healing

Sleep Cycles

Awake - Beta waves

Drowsy/Relaxed - Alpha waves

Stage 1 sleep - Theta waves

Stage 2 sleep - Sleep spindals

deep sleep stage 3/4 sleep - Delta waves

REM sleep - Fast random waves

get deeper sleep at the begging of sleep and more REM and dreams close to the end of the sleep

2/3 of your dreams have negative emotions to them

Men

2/3 of dreams about men

outdoor

agressive

Women

1/2 of dreams about men

indoors

friendly

Froid said "Dreams are the road to contiousness"

Dreams are uncontiousness

Manifest Content - is ovious

Latent content - Hidden

The dream itself is manifest

The interpitation is latent

How to get a good night sleep

(might highly be on test)

eat meat of drink milk which has ceritonam which makes you sleep

don't drink caffeen or smoke close to bed because they are steramin

stay away from large meals before bed

go to bed at the sames time and get up at the same time

can't fall asleep after 20 min. get up and do something relaxing

don't use computes before bed

don't look at clock

exersise but not right before bed

tolerance toward teh drug

have to take more to get the same effect

effects the nueron comunication in the brain

by

• altering production of neurotransmitter
• change the amount stored of released by the neuron
• alter the effect of the neuro transmitter on the recievine neuron
• block the action of the neuro transmitter (how it's taken back up)

Called developmental psychology

deals with how people develope over a life span

trobularasa theory where you're born with a clean slate "nothing"

Babies come with nothing and have to be nurture and exsperience for babies to get knowledge

Babies need to do stuff without interference and learn it

Maturation

natural unfolding of humans ability with age

when child is in the womb there's many problems that can happen

things outside that causes birth defects of a critical development of the child

sleep alot

just stair at things

can't hear well

really atune to speech

have smell and taste preferences

don't like bad smells

know mothers smeill

unvolentary unlearned actions are called reflexes

Time when something has to happen and if it doesn't it's bad

things have to happen

few critical periods for humans

sensitive period - an ideal time for it to happen

Rumanian Babies -  didn't have interaction with people a lot when they where small

emotional development is beg at this time

the harlow exsperiment

studied monkies

monkies stayed on warm fuzzy dummy not on the wire dummy even when the wire dummy had food

human babies want mothers for more than just food it's called attachment

studied how children think

genetic Episitimologist

branch of philosophy dealing with what we know

theory deals with

schema

assimilate accomidates

how babies think

way to view something

Prejudice

the schema is too ridged

have to adopt to seroundings

-assimilate = take it in

-accomedate = alter or change schema

• sensorimotor    Birth - 2
• Preoperational   2-6
• Concrete operational   7-12
• Foemal operational    12-up

operation - is using logic in your thoughts

tested how kids reacted away from mom

he's the person who figured out attachment

Who tested Bowlby's idea 

figured

children have survival chariteristics to live on

"Stranger situation"

Secure - 60%

avoidant - 20%

ambivalent - 15%

disoorganized - 5%

pg. 423

the reactive nature of the child

kids come into the world with a personality

parents can modify the childs behavior

moms are the emotional switchboard

dad are guids just like moms

parents treat kids differntly

girls are fragile

boys are tough

Boys- good at spacial relations and good at throwing, more agressive

boys and girls aren't that differnent

Parents can be demanding or un demanding

Parents can be accepting of rejecting

demanding + accepting= authoritative parents

demanding + rejecting = authoritarian parents

Undemanding + accepting = Indulgent parents

Undemanding + rejecting = Neglecting parents

have clear standards but are open to listen to their kids

positively asocsiated with child selfasteem, responsible, independence, get self exeptance

very rigide in the rules and wont exsplain the rules

child is not hurd

punishing

lack social skills, withdrawn, don't have a good contience

More abusice house holds

tollerant of child

gives them what they want

gives into childs impusise

child is impulsive, agressive, don't take repondibility

spoild brats

parents pay the kids off

univolved in kids lives

have abuse or asult

child is a burden to the family

 kids can be exstreemly needy

girls mature earlier than boys

girls who mature early have less selfasteem

boys who mature early have higher self asteem

both sexes have both hormones

"adolecents" are a new thing

12 - 22/25 years

Early 12-15

Middle 15-18

Later 18-22/25

last part of the brain to develope is the prefrutal cortes

Identity

Early adolecents 12-15 have little

Middle adolecents 15-18 have some but not put together

Late adolecents 18-22/25 have most found out

develps extire idenities (clicks)

difficult time being alone

Identity - who am I   <-> Intimcay - who loves me

20-40 young adult hood

40-69 Middle adult hood

65-85 Later adult hood

85-up OLD

farther of attachment

Mary Answork tested his theories

tested the theory of Identity

relationships

work

beliask (with politics)

you question and dout something then test it

then you find the answer and commit

when you come out of a crisi you come out with a new identity

achievement

moratorium

foreclosure

diffusion

they didn't have a crisis but didn't commite, don't care and are not woried about it

They are into drugs and drinking they just go with the flow

never grew up

Formal Operational

of

Adolecent Thinking

These are Piaget's Ideas

adult thinking

logical

hypethotical (what if)

abstract

critical

fall in love with thier own ideas

pseydo stupidity

what you say is stupid but you are not

false stupidity

blurt out random things

imaginary audience

think people are looking at them

wonders and worries what others think about them

personal fable

think they'e invinsable

thouth they they are special

defined what is justice

define justice by how you reason about morality

his chart is a handout

pg 426 / 427

most adults are in stages 3 and 4

stage 1/2 -> selfish "I"

stage 3/4 -> do it because it's the law

stage 5/6 -> do it because it's morally right

get out of punishment

includes Empathy

this was Kohlberg's ideas

What is just and what is fair

Moral Thinking

Martin Hoffman

Empathy thinker

4 stages of his thoery

• Global Empathy (birth) - biologically wired to care and be empathic to others. When kids are sad they shake all over
• Egocentiric Empathy (2) - doing something that makes them feel good so they five it to the person who feels bad
• Empathy for another (5-8)- see others have differnt feelings and you feel bad with them (only 1 person)
• Empathy for another situation (teens)- feel bad for the others this can be for many people

just know what is right and what is wring

gut feeling

-says women are different then men

-women have ethics of care

-men have ethics of justice

Sleep disorders

2

Sleep paralysis

         -waking up unable to move

Night terrors

         -abrupt awakening with panic and intense emotional arousal, occurs in non-REM sleep, can't remember dreams

Nightmares

         -occur durring REM sleep, scary dreams, ushally remembers them

Broxseam

         -teeth grinding

REM behavior disorder

         -you move in your sleep durring REM sleep

sexsomia

        -very contoversal, sleep sex, can be mones to raping others