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what does the term sex refer to? |
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inborn biological characteristics relating to reproduction |
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gender refers to what type of characteristic? |
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bias against people based on gender |
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what is not a main factor that defines social class |
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bias agaisnt people with disabilities |
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belief system where women's experiences and ideas are valued/ emphasize women and men should be socially,economically, legally equal. high regard to women, not antagonism to men. |
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radical feminists argue what? |
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the basic cause of women's oppression lies deep in the sex and gender system. |
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what feminism emphasizes positive qualities presumed to be stronger in women than in men? |
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laws need to be passed that guarantee equal rights for women and men |
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supporters of similarities perspective are.. |
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cultures develop own version of reality |
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what does the version of reality depend on? |
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prior experience, social interactions, beliefs |
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men and women are generally different in intellectual and social skills. |
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what feminists are supporters of diff. perspective? |
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mexican americans account for what % of latino population |
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what is an operational definition |
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tells how researchers will measure a variable in a study |
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what is not a bias in Designing a study |
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means the results have some meaningful and useful implications for the real world. |
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3 sources of bias when interpreting data |
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emphasizing stat. sig. /ignoring pract. sign., overlooking alternative explanations, making inappropriate generalizations |
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belief associated with groups of people |
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belief associated with males/females |
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gender bias includes 3 issues.. |
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gender stereotype, prejudice, discrimination. |
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front page news refers to women what % |
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what % do women report economic, political, international issues |
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% of male prime-tiem actors |
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scale used by glick and Fiske |
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Ambivalent sexism inventory |
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women rarely responded negatively to partner, men made more neg. comments to fem. than male. |
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% of h.s students harrassed about sexual orientation |
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stereotype according to social cognitive approach |
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belief systems taht guide hwo we process information |
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explanations about the causes of a person's behavior |
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sandra bem, bem sex-role inventory |
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beginning of menstruation |
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age for puberty, age for menarche |
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average liftime menstruation |
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brain structure critical for menstruation |
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pituitary gland produces? |
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luteinizing hormone and progesterone |
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what menstrual cycle is operated by |
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name for menstrual pain, cramps, headache, nausea, dizzy, fatigue, |
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% of h.s./coll. women that exp. menst. pain |
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substances that body produces before menstruation, can cause cramping |
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physical exercise, avoid salt, sugar and caffeinne, antidepressants |
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recommended by docs during pms |
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% latina's didnt talk w/ parents about mens. |
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self-rating of personal characteristics/along w/biological,phychological, social dimensions |
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time when women women form neg. attitude toward male courses |
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%women in U.S. colleges, %women w/ph.D. |
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important source for young women and how they should act romantically |
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early heterosexual relations usually last how many months? |
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% of gay/lesbian youth reported anti-gay remarks in school |
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D'Augelli's study. % bi-females happy to be les/bi |
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T/F: social and cultural explanations play more important role than biology in explanation of gender diff. in cog. skills |
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almost all research on cog. abilities focuses on whom? |
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how many people in a sample received each score |
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4 cog. abilities with evidence of gender diff. |
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memory, verbal ability, math, spatial |
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recognize faces, odors more |
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what area does research not show gender sim. |
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word associations, statistic sig, not practical sig. |
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male/female comparison on math |
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understanding, perceiving, manipulating shapes/figures |
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reveals largest gender difference |
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left hemisphere specializes in? |
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language and verbal tasks |
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2 divisions of gender differences |
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different experiences, different attitudes |
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age when males perceive self as more competent in math |
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threatens females performance on math/spatial tests |
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desire to accomplish something on your own and to do it well |
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m/f are similar in achievement motivation and intrinsic motivation |
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self confidence larger when people make PUBLIC estimates rather than PRIVATE |
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success is attributed to four factors for achievement tasks |
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ability, effort, luck, subject familiarity |
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m/f have similar attribution patterns from early ad-adulthood |
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infancy is period between birth and ... months |
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mullarian regression hormone, androgen |
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2 substances testes secrete |
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androgen insensitive females |
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genetic male, shallow cavity, no uterus, no menstruation |
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prenatal sex determination is popular in what 2 countries |
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reward, punishment, modeling |
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general concept that we use to organize our thoughts about a topic |
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gender id developed/ accurate id age? |
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when does gender segregation begin, when does tendency increase |
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what age can children id themselves as male/female |
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children cant explain male/female differences until what age |
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what age do children show pref. for gender app. toys |
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gender roles constrict boys mroe than girls |
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age when children develop stereotypes about g/b responses to emotional events |
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