2 types of emotions?

when is peak happiness?

1. positive
2. negative

6-7 hours after being awake, neg. stays the same throughout day

• venting anger through actions or fantasy achieves an emotional release or "catharsis"
• however it increases anger and aggression

1. James - Lange - arousal then emotion
2. Cannon - Bard - arousal and emotion are simultaneous
3. Singer and Shacters 2 factor - arousal with cognitive label then produces emotion

• persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, or actions

1. Etiology: cause and development of disorder
2. diagnosis: identifying symptoms
3. treatment: psych ward/meds
4. prognosis: forecast about the disorder

diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

over 300 disorders. part of APA

"Bible" (no explanation)

1. clinical syndrome(16)
2. personality disorder or mental retardation?
3. general med. condition?
4. are there psychosocial, environmental issues?
5. assessment of functioning (0-100)

• prevelance - the number of people who currently have the condition
• incidence - the annual number of people who have a case of the condition

• Neurosis - imaginable but not as bad
• Psychosis - hallucinations, hospitalized

neurotics build castle's in the sky, but psychotics live in them

Adjustment Dis

Anxiety Dis

Cognitive

Developmental

• adjust - extreme emotional reaction to something recent
• anxiety - fear
• cognitive - memory and cognition
• dev - first diagnosed in development

mood dis

personality dis

psychotic dis

dissociative dis

eating dis

factitious dis

• mood - depression, bipolar
• person - rigid maladaptive personality
• psycho - loss of contact w/ reality (halluc)
• diss - separation from memory and identity
• fact - faked (munchenson)

impulse control dis

sexual/gender identity dis

sleep dis

somatoform dis

substance related dis

• impulse - harmful impulse behaviors
• somato - physical symptoms arising from psychological problems

Bipolar disorder is a type of?

symptoms?

PET shows?

• mood disorder
• no control over major highs or lows
• mania more likely to be aware of depression coming on
• PET shows brain has higher energy consumption in mania

• generalized anxiety dis
• panic dis
• phobia
• OCD
• post-traumatic stress dis

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Difficult to control worry
• excessive worries about activities in life
• uncontrolled tenseness and aprehension
• autonomic arousal

• panic attack - minute long episodes of intense dread which may include terror, chest pains, choking, etc...
• worried about more attacks and their social impact
• change behavior to avoid attacks

• persistent, unreasonable fear cued by anticipation of objects or situation
• person knows fear is excessive
• avoid object/situation

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

obsession?

compulsion?

• obsession - reoccuring thoughts
• compulsion - reoccuring actions often to neutralize the obsession

• sleep problems
• flashbacks
• nightmares
• 4 or more weeks after
• social withdrawal

Axis II: Personality disorders

3 clusters (ABC)?

• impair social functioning w/o anxiety, depression, or dellusions
• A - perceived as odd or eccentric
• B - dramatic,emotional,erratic
• C - anxious or fearful

• lack of conscience of wrong doing, even towards friends and family members
• socipath/psychopath
• 11% reduced activity in the frontal lobe

• come here, go away shifts in mood
• lack of coherent sense of self
• unpredictable, impulsive

• prolonged loss of memory or identity
• multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder

eating disorders

body dysmorphic disorder

• anorexia, bulimia, more common in women

• can't stop thinking about a flaw in appearance
• frequent examination of self
• comparative

1. language or thought
2. perceptions (hallucinations, dellusions)
3. emotion or mood
4. behavior

1. Paranoid - dellusions/halluciantions
2. Disorganized - speech, behavior, emotion
3. Catatonic - immobile, repeating
4. Undifferentiated - many varied symptoms
5. Residual - withdrawal after halluc/dellusions disappear

• genetics
• social
• cognitive
• brain dysfunction
• biochemical factors( 5-10 years later, major deficits in brain activity)

• biomedical
• psychological

1. surgery
2. ECT
3. psychopharmalogical

First lobotamy?

cingulotamy is good for treating?

• 1935
• OCD

ECT first in?

2 types?

effective for?

• 1938
• unilateral and bilateral
• depression and mania
• 150 volts of shock to the brain

• pulsating magnetic coil is placed over prefrontal regions of the region to treat depression.
• FDA approved
• 40 min sessions for 4-6 weeks

psychopharmacology? created in?

side effects?

  -tardive diskinesia?

• 1955
• lock jaw, heart palpations
• quick movements

1. MAOI
2. tricyclics
3. SSRI's -block reuptake of serotonin

1. psychodynamic
2. humanistic
3. behavioral
4. cognitive

Psychodynamic approach?

manifest content

latent content?

• free association - ink blot (Freud)
• dream analysis

-manifest - things that you say

-latent - things u dig deep for

• CArl Rogers "client centered Therapy"
• primary therapy task =empathy

• systematic desensitization ("no" anxiety)
• exposure therapy

• problems caused by bad thoughts
• therapy promotes different ways of thinking based on the fact that our thoughts contribute to our emotional response to an event.
• most common

lens

applied

empirical

• lens - focus on the individual in context
• applied - study real world problems
• empirical - study in lab or more naturalistic( observe in natural environment)

• we learn that social rewards and punisments that we recieve from people are based on their evaluations of us

• tendency to attribute other’s actions to dispositional factors and our actions to situational factors

social cognition?

3 social cognitions

social cog - the process of how we notice, store, remember, then later use social info

1. false consensus effect - believe that others share our beleifs
2. magical thinking - thinking that doesnt hold up to reality
3. counterfactual thinking - what mighthavebeen

• belief that all members of a group share certain characteristics

we tend to...... differences in between groups

we tend to ..... differences within our group

• overestimate
• underestimate

prejudice?

causes?

• negative feelings toward a group of people based solely on their group identity
• stereotypes
• ultimate attribution error - bias of a group based on a couple people
• competition
• ingroup favoritism

2 groups of campers that bonded in separate groups and formed favoritism for their group

then when tried to end prejudice with cooperative activities it didnt work. group polarization remained

milgram exp.

asch study

stanford prison

mil - shock study

asch - line test

prison - role play that went wrong

foot in the door?

cognitive dissonance?

FITD - accepting to do something small for someone and then being more willing to do something of larger magnitude for them.

CD - disconfort when actions dont line up with beliefs, therefore poepl change attitudes to line up with actions

normative social influence

informative social influence

• n - the need to be liked
• I - the need to be right

• high number of pple
• make person feel insecure
• admiration
• No prior committment

• strength of influence changes with distance, and number of people.

social facilitation

deinduviduation

sf - performance improved in a group

di - loss of self awareness and self restraint in group situations