Original: Study of the Soul

18th Century: Study of the Mind

Modern: Science the studies behavior and the physicological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior

the study of observable behaviors

disregarded consciousness as a verifiable subject of study

used lots of animal testing

all action is based around reinforcements

-John B. Watson 1878-1958

-B.F. Skinner 1904-1990

behavior is determined by environment

Free will is an illusion

emphasis on the unique qualities of individuals and their ability for personal growth and change.

Optimistic view of human nature.

Alturism

Moral truth that we are all born with

behavior is governed by "self-concept" who am I?

Maslow, Rogers

Humans are free rational beings

focuses on unscious determinants of behavior

Humans as pawns of animalistic urges

Childhood traumas account for most disorders in psychology of individual

Freud

Physiological

Basis of Behavior

Cognition mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

must include the internal mental events to fully understand human behavior

biological basis says our behavior can be explained through bodily structures and biochemical reactions

contains memories, thoughts, and desires that are all beneath the surface of our regular conscious mind

thought to greatly influence our behavior

Freud.

pioneer of early psychology with a focus on philosophy and physiology.

Believed psychology should be based on the study of consciousness

Opened the first lab in leipzieg germnay 1879

Structuralist

believed psychology should be focused on studying consciousness down to its basic structure.

anaylizing sensory and perception, vision, hearing, and touch

main method of introspection

mostly intersted in lab studies

focused ont the function of purpose of consciousness

more interested in how people behave in response to demands of the real world

William James

"stream of consciousness"

individual cells in the nervous system that carry messages, recieve, and intergrate information

mainly act as communicators between cells in the nervous system

some few can recieve signals from outside the nervous system

Cells found throughout the nervous system that offer support for neurons

Recently found that they can recieve and send chemical info

50% of brains volume

moves neuron waste

provides insulation around axon

the neuron that transmitts the message across the synaptic cleft

process through which the neurotransmitters are sponged up back into the presynaptic neuron

recycled material

acetylcholine

ACh

neurotransmitter between motor neurons and voluntary muscles

attention

arousal

memory

linked to alzheimers

dopamine (DA)

norepinephrine(NE)

serotonin (5-htp)