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| the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon). |
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| thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. |
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| an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. |
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| a testable prediction, often implied by a theory. |
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| a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. |
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| repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. |
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| an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
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