Term
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Definition
| The term used for the stage of schizophrenia when a person exhibits severe positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Speech is odd and the person shows disorganized behavior. The active phase is when people are diagnosed with the disorder and the phase may last for many years. Pg 367 |
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Term
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Definition
| ASD is a distressing reaction to a traumatic experience. The symptoms of ASD are just like PTSD. ASD is the diagnosis of symptoms for the first month. Pg 381. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very broad fear in which a person is nervous about going out in public pg 380 |
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Term
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Definition
| A personality trait in which a person has difficulty identifying emotions, describing emotions in words, and distinguishing between emotional feelings and body sensations. Pg 300 |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common form of dementia, which results from an abnormal buildup of amyloid protein in the brain. Pg 404 |
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Term
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Definition
| Women with anorexia experience this. The absence of a menstrual cycle. Pg 396 |
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Term
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Definition
| An eating disorder in which a person does not eat enough. This person refuses to maintain a normal body weight, has an intense fear of becoming fat, and has a disturbance in the concept of her or his body shape. Pg 396 |
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Term
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Definition
| Medicines that increase the activity of certain brain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, used in the treatment of depression and other disorders. Improvement usually occurs in 60 to 80 percent of patients who take medications. Pg 377 |
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Term
| Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| People with antisocial personality disorder are unable to appreciate the feelings of others. They often act in ways that are cruel and thoughtless. This disorder was once classified as psychopath. People with this disorder often get in trouble with friends, family, and police. This disorder is more common in men. They are involved in criminal activity and so no remorse for others. Pg 400 |
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Term
| Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity Disorder |
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Definition
| A disorder seen more often in children that causes difficulty paying attention and sitting still. Signs of brain damage are found in 5% of ADHD cases. Pg 389 |
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Term
| Atypical antipsychotic drug |
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Definition
| New neuroleptic drugs that have psychological properties different than traditional antipsychotics. Used to treat schizophrenia. Reduces hallucinations and slurred speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| A serious developmental disorder that causes debilitating symptoms including bizarre behaviors, lack of language development, lack of social development, impaired nonverbal behavior (such as eye-to-eye gaze), impaired peer relationships, and lack of social reciprocity. Pg 388 |
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Term
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Definition
| Alzheimers is caused by the buildup of proteins called beta amyloid that damage brain cells and result in brain cell clumps called plaques. Pg 390 |
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Term
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Definition
| Eating a large amount at one time pg 396 |
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Term
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Definition
| More common than the two traditional DSM eating disorders. About 2% of men and 4% of women engage in frequent binge eating. The problem is more serious with poor people. Pg 398 |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of mood disorder in which a person experiences mania as well as depression. There are three categories of bipolar disorder, hypomania, cyclothymia and dysthymia. |
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Term
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Definition
| (BDD) – A type of somatoform disorder in which people complain that they are extremely ugly and repugnant to others pg 384 |
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Term
| Borderline Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| This syndrome is marked by instability in personal relationships, emotional dysregulation, problems with self image, feeling empty, depression, fear of abandonment, and impulsive behaviors. Pg 401 |
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Term
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Definition
| Anxiety that is connected to some object or situation; anxiety that only occurs in certain conditions pg 379 |
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Term
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Definition
| An eating disorder in which a person binges and purges. Pg 396 |
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Term
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Definition
| A symptom of schizophrenia that involves body movements. Sometimes a sufferer will stand perfectly still for hours, and then suddenly will run wild. People with schizophrenia have this. In a lot of cases there is something wrong with the patient’s muscle system. Pg 364 |
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Term
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Definition
| A subtype of schizophrenia. Symptoms include motor immobility, extreme negativism, mutism, or pecularities of voluntary movement. Pg 365 |
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Term
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Definition
| Literally “circle around the day”, this is a term for the body’s biological rhythm. Pg 398 |
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Term
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Definition
| A symptom of schizophrenia in which a person talks in rhymes pg 364 |
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Term
| Cognitive behavior therapy |
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Definition
| One of the most promising treatments for mood disorders. Patients learn to change their thinking and their behaviors and these changes result in improved moods. Pg 377 |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition when psychological disorders often occur together pg 397 |
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Term
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Definition
| Behaviors that people feel they must do lest something horrible happen. For example people with OCD that wash their hands excessively. Pg 380 |
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Term
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Definition
| Identical twins who have the same identity do not necessarily concur in having schizophrenia. The concordance rate for identical twins is roughly 50%. Pg 368 |
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Term
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Definition
| A reference to the idea that a person’s psychological problems have been converted into simulated physical problems. Pg 383 |
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Term
| Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease (DJD |
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Definition
| A bizarre dementia that results from a misshapen protein in the brain known as a prion. This disorder is rare but there is a new variation which occurs from eating meat from an infected animal. Pg 392. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorders that arise as part of the folklore, the superstitions, or simply the common beliefs of a particular culture of people. Pg 406 |
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Term
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Definition
| It is common for people with borderline personality to cut themselves. Pg 401 |
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Term
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Definition
| A bipolar disorder in which mood swings are mild pg 373 |
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Term
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Definition
| Negative symptoms of schizophrenia that do not respond to medications but therapies have had some success treating them pg 364 |
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Term
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Definition
| False beliefs that are held despite clear evidence to the contrary. Often experienced by people with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia. Pg 363 |
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Term
| Delusion of grandiosity disorganized type |
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Definition
| A subtype of schizophrenia. Person shows very disorganized speech and behavior. Pg 365 |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury or disease of the brain that permanently decreases a person’s cognitive abilities, such as memory. Pg 390 |
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Term
| Depersonalization Disorder |
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Definition
| A type of dissociative disorder in which a person feels detachment or estrangement from himself. Some suffers report feeling like a robot or automaton, or as if living in a dream. They feel outside their bodies. Pg 388 |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that a disorder is caused by a combination of a genetic potential (a diathesis) and something in the person’s experience (stress). Pg 369 |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of repression, a blocking of memory retrieval, that occurs when a person has experienced a psychological shock. Pg 386 |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of disorders in which people experience a disassociation, a split or break, in their conscious awareness or identity. Pg 386 |
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Term
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Definition
| A person with dissociative fugue may suddenly move to another city and mentally block out the past and assume a new identity. Pg 386 |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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Definition
| A psychological disorder in which people alternate between different identities. It can also be called split personality. Pg 386 |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that schizophrenia is caused by excessive dopamine activity. Pg 370 |
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Term
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Definition
| The diagnosis used when a person meets the criteria for both major depression and dysthymia. Pg 374 |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition in which a child inherits an extra chromosome #21 resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46. Causes mental retardation and certain physical features. Pg 404 |
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Term
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Definition
| The current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Pg 359 |
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Term
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Definition
| A depressive disorder in which a person has at least two symptoms that persist for two years or more pg 374. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parrot-like speech common in autism and some cases of schizophrenia. Pg 365 |
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Term
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
| Commonly called “shock treatment”. A treatment for mood disorders which uses electrical current to cause a brain seizure. Pg 377 |
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Term
| Emotional Expression (EE) |
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Definition
| The degree to which families use lots of criticism and threats with their family members who have schizophrenia, a circumstance that causes symptoms to be more visible and severe. Pg 368 |
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Term
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Definition
| A characteristic that is not easily observed on the surface, such as a brain wave pattern. Endophenotypes are often used to identify classify, or understand psychological disorders. Pg 360 |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the frequency and distribution of a disorder within a population. Pg 385 |
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Term
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Definition
| A man’s inability or difficulty in achieving an erection. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| Various causes and influences of somatoform disorders pg 385 |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychiatrist who invented the word schizophrenia but later said he wished he had not because of the confusion that it caused. His idea was that a person with schizophrenia has a separation between different components of the mind, such as emotion and behavior. Pg 361 |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of sexual disorder (paraphilia) in which a person exhibits his genitals to strangers. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as Munchausen by proxy, The psychological disorder in which a person purposely makes someone else sick, typically by his or her child, solely for the purpose of getting medical attention. Pg 394 |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of sexual disorder in which a person must used an object or a part of the body in order to achieve sexual satisfaction. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| Body changes that occur when encountering a stressor. Pg 382 |
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Term
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Definition
| Sudden memories of the trauma replayed in thoughts and images, panic attacks, and other psychological distress. Pg 381. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symptom of mania in which a person’s mind cannot hold attention to one idea for very long. A person cannot sit still, sleeps very little, becomes impulsive, experience hallucinations and does things that they later regret. The person crashes into a severe low after a manic high. Pg 373. |
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Term
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Definition
| A core symptom of schizophrenia that involves disorganized thinking, such as loosening of associations. Pg 364 |
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Term
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Definition
| General anxiety, anxiety that is not bound to anything. Pg 379 |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of sexual disorder in which an individual’s biological sexual characteristics do not match his or her mental idea of his or her gender. Pg 396 |
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Term
| Gene-environment interaction |
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Definition
| The idea that traits and characteristics result from an interaction between specific genes and specific experiences. Pg 374 |
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Term
| General Adaptation Syndrome |
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Definition
| The body’s reaction to stress. Has three phases. Alarm stage, resistance stage, and exhaustion stage. Pg 382 |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder caused when the syphilis germ infects the brain, also known as neurosyphilis. Pg 404 |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of conversion disorder in which a person complains that his hand is numb, but that he still has feeling in his arm. It was common among teenage boys hundreds of years ago when they were taught that masturbation would cause horrible problems such as blindness. Pg 384 |
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Term
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Definition
| A false perception, experienced by people with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia. Pg 362 |
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Term
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Definition
| A Canadian psychologist who studied stress more than anyone. He concluded that stress affects the body in three ways. The body’s reaction to stress called the General Adapatation syndrome. Pg 382 |
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Term
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Definition
| The previous term for “disorganized schizophrenia” that literally refers to a child-like mind. Pg 365 |
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Term
| Human sexual response cycle |
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Definition
| The normal psychological events that occur during sexual arousal. The cycle is divided into four stages: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of dementia caused by a dominant gene on chromosome 4 that strikes late in life and eventually results in death due to destruction of major brain areas. Pg 392 |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive sleepiness for at least one month pg 398 |
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Term
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Definition
| Also the term hypochondriac is used. Patients show an intense fear and worry about developing many different health problem. The worrying is serious, extended and unfounded. Pg 384 |
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Term
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Definition
| Mild maniac episodes pg 373 |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disorder in which a person has difficulty sleeping that persists for at least one month. Pg 398 |
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Term
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Definition
| It stands for very poor outcome. Krapelianian was A nineteenth century psychiatrist who wrote the first important classification of mental disorders pg 366 |
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Term
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Definition
| a French term meaning the beautiful indifference which is used to refer to the seemingly lack of concern shown by conversion disorder patients about their loss of body functions, such as loss of vision 383 |
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Term
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Definition
| A medicine used to treat Parkinson’s disease because it is a precursor of dopamine and helps the brain make more of that neurotransmitter. 392 |
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Term
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Definition
| Apathetic behavior shown by animals that have been in unpleasant situation with no possible escape; a model for how depression might be caused. Pg 406 |
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Term
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Definition
| The incidence that a person would be diagnosed with an illness in their lifetime. For example about one in a hundred people in their lifetime will be diagnosed with a serious disorder. Pg 366 |
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Term
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Definition
| (phototherapy) – People suffering from SAD who sit in front of a light for a few hours each night during winter months. Increases serotonin activity. Pg 378 |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the brain that triggers the physiological reactions to danger. Pg 379 |
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Term
| Loosening of associations (derailment) |
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Definition
| A symptom of schizophrenia in which a person makes odd and loose connections between ideas or words. Pg 363 |
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Term
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Definition
| A serious mood disorder in which a person suffers from a number of symptoms including low mood or disinterest in things. The person must have five of the nine symptoms to be considered including low mood, lost of interest or pleasure in things, change in appetite, change in sleep patterns, agitation or retardation in movement, loss of energy, feelings of guilt, problems concentration, and thoughts of suicide pg 360 |
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Term
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Definition
| Those who have bipolar and experience high mood swings pg 373 |
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Term
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Definition
| William Masters and Virginia Johnson studied sexual dysfunction extensively. They defined the human sexual response cycle. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that helps to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Pg 398 |
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Term
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Definition
| The term used for people whose IQ scores are significantly below average. The current definition requires scores more than two standard deviations below average. About 3% of people fall within the criteria. 389 |
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Term
| Mild cognitive impairment |
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Definition
| When people have some decline in memory and mental abilities but not severe enough to be diagnosed as Alzheimer’s. Pg 390 |
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Term
| Munchausen syndrome by proxy |
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Definition
| Also known as factitious disorder by proxy. The psychological disorder in which a person purposely makes someone else sick, typically by his or her child, solely for the purpose of getting medical attention. Pg 394 |
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Term
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Definition
| A neurological sleep disorder in which a person suffers from sleep attacks .pg 398 |
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Term
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Definition
| A word made up by a person with schizophrenia. Pg 364 |
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Term
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Definition
| Medicine used to treat schizophrenia and other psychosis that blocks dopamine receptors in the brain. Pg 370 |
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Term
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Definition
| – a disorder where a person experiences consistent nightmares pg 398 |
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Term
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Definition
| An idea or thought that intrudes uncontrollably in a person’s mind. Pg 380 |
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Term
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder |
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Definition
| An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences obsessions and compulsions pg 380 |
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Term
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Definition
| A woman’s inability to achieve orgasm pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| The patient is experiencing pain that is being created in their brain pg 384 |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of anxiety disorder in which a person has attacks of extreme anxiety that seem to come out of nowhere. They may believe they are having a heart attack because the heart and breathing are too fast. Pg 379 |
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Term
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Definition
| A subtype of schizophrenia. The primary symptom is delusions of persecution. The person believes others are trying to harm him. Pg 365 |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of sexual problem in which a person has an unusual way of achieving sexual gratification. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| A common form of dementia in which damage to a particular brain area reduces the production of dopamine and thus causes muscle tremors (shaking) and eventual death. Pg 392 |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual attraction to children pg 396 |
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Term
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Definition
| Are ingrained, developmental problems that are relatively lifelong, inflexible, and enduring pg 399 |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychological disorder in which a person experiences irrational fears about something that is not harmful. Pg 380 |
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Term
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Definition
| A gland that is part of the endocrine system, located about in the middle of the brain, that secretes melatonin. Helps to regulate the biological rhythms. In the dualist view of Rene Descartes, the pineal gland was where the mind and soul are located. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain cell clumps and twisted deformed brain cells pg 390 |
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Term
| Positive vs. negative symptoms |
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Definition
| positive – things like hallucinations and delusions. Negative – things the patient does not do often enough pg 364 |
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Term
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder |
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Definition
| An anxiety disorder in which people experience traumatic events and continue to experience significant problems many months and even year later. Pg 381 |
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Term
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Definition
| – People with schizophrenia are very quiet, and when they do speak they are not expressive or descriptive in their choice of words pg 364 |
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Term
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Definition
| When a man ejaculates too soon for a woman’s pleasure. The most common of the sexual dysfunctions. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| The misshapen protein that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease pg 404 |
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Term
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Definition
| A term that refers to the early signs of an illness pg 367 |
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Term
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Definition
| – The expected course and outcome of a disorder. Pg 365 |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to refer to the horrible psychological distress experienced by suicidal people. The main ingredients are feelings of hopelessness and loneliness. Pg 375 |
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Term
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Definition
| An investigation of the cause of a person’s suicide. As many as 75% of suicide victims are suffering from a mood disorder. Pg 377 |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe problems in which a person experiences perceptions and thoughts that are not real, that are out of touch with reality pg 361 |
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Term
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Definition
| Remove the food from the stomach by self induced vomiting or the use of laxatives pg 396 |
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Term
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Definition
| People who have more than three cycles of mania and depression in a year. Tend to have severe symptoms and do not respond well to medication treatments. |
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Term
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Definition
| A subtype of schizophrenia for patients whose symptoms have improved but are not completely gone. Pg 367 |
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Term
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Definition
| to mentally go over and over certain thoughts pg 378 |
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Term
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Definition
| - The most common of the psychotic disorders. Contrary to popular view this is not multiple personality. Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder in which a persona loses touch with reality and lives in a mental world full of confusion and falsity. Pg 361 |
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Term
| Seasonal affective disorder |
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Definition
| A mood disorder in which a person is especially sensitive to fluctuations in the amount of light, and therefore experiences low moods during the winter in high latitudes. Women suffer from SAD more then men. Pg 375 |
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Term
| Senile vs. pre senile dementia |
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Definition
| Older people with dementia vs younger people with dementia pg 390 |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of sexual problem that has been extensively studied by Masters and Johnson, problems that couples have with sexual performance. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep disorder in which a person cannot sleep and breathe at the same time. pg 399 |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common negative symptom of schizophrenia. Pg 364 |
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Term
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Definition
| When a person has many physical complaints without organic causes for them and these complaints persist for years pg 383 |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of psychological disorders in which a person’s psychological problems are converted into simulated body problems. Pg 383 |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to view people as all good or bad, and switching suddenly and unexpectedly between the two extremes pg 401 |
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Term
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Definition
| A classical conditioning procedure used in the treatment of premature ejaculation. Pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| Defined as any demand on the body, or when your body is thrown off balance, out of equilibrium. Pg 382 |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that places a demand on your body pg 382 |
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Term
| Suicide vs. suicide attempt |
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Definition
| Suicide, the person dies, an attempt they are still alive. Women make more attempts since they have higher rates of depression. Pg 376 |
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Term
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Definition
| A group or cluster of symptoms (complaints) that are associated with a disorder pg 360 |
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Term
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Definition
| An adult gender identity disorder in which there is a mismatch between the biological sexual characteristics and the psychological gender identity. Pg 396 |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of sexual fetish in which a man needs to wear women’s clothing in order to get sexual satisfaction. Pg 396 |
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Term
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Definition
| A subtype of schizophrenia in which the patient’s symptoms do not fit into any of the other subtypes pg 365 |
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Term
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Definition
| One extreme. What many depressive disorders are. Pg 373. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sexual dysfunction when a women’s vaginal muscles tighten before sexual intercourse making it painful pg 395 |
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Term
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Definition
| The hollow cavities of the brain through which the spinal fluid move. They are larger in brains with schizophrenia pg 369 |
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Term
|
Definition
| The type of sexual disorder (paraphilia) in which a person secretly watches other people engaged in sexual activities. Pg 395 |
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