Term
| Daily Hassels & Uplifts Scale |
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Definition
| Lazarus et al, 1988 - Assesses appraisal of frustrating or uplifting daily events. *Looks at the little everyday stressors and takes both the positive and the negative into account to asses stress. |
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Term
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Definition
Immune system is suppressed during fight or flight.
increased levels of cortisol leads to susceptibility to infections and colds. |
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Term
| Information Processing Model |
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Definition
Integrates importance and meaning (appraisal) of stressor, amount of energy allocated and memories of coping strageties.
*TAKES PERCEPTIONS INTO ACCOUNT. |
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Term
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Definition
Tend & Befriend
-Tend: nuturing activities designed to protect self and offspring (promotes safety and reduces stress)
-Befriend: creating social relationships and joining social ground to exchange resources and provide protection.
*LIMITATIONS - ONLY FOR WOMEN -- DOES NOT TAKE MEN INTO ACCOUNT. |
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Term
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Definition
1865
Noted the existence of an internal environment in the body that responds to our external environment.
*OUR EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS OUR INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT. |
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Term
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Definition
-LONG TERM STRESSORS
state of continued activation of the SNS
- ignores bodies feedback to turn off
- ongoing activation leads to health problems |
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Term
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Definition
-responsible to many of our involuntary
functions.
-Beyond conscious control
-Controlled by the HYPOTHALAMUS which regulated the secretion of hormones |
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Term
| Which part of the nervous system is associated with the stress response? |
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Definition
Autonomic Nervous system
PNS SNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Negative stress - low energy and difficult to cope |
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Term
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Definition
-women report feeling more stressed than men
-may be assoc with the multiple roles ie mom wife employee caregiver
-chronic caregiving assoc. with health problems |
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Term
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Definition
General Adaptation Syndrome
1. Alarm (fight/flight)
2. Resistance (Allostasis)
3. Exhaustion (Allostatic Load) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The Fight or FLight Response |
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Definition
| event - sympathetic ns kicks in - fight/flight - parasympathetic beings feedback loop to turn off response which brings us to exhaustion and homeostasis. |
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Term
| Limits of Fight or Flight |
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Definition
- inappropriate for today's stressors
- our boides are unable to distinguish between life threatening stressors and everyday sources of stress.
*OUTDATED SURVIVAL MECHANINSM |
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Term
| What Starts the F/F Response? |
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Definition
| The Sympathetic Nervous System begins the response by either activating the HP or SAM Axis. |
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Term
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Definition
PHYSICAL: shortness of breath, muscle tension, headaches, heartburn, upset stomach.
Behavioral: eating patterns, substance use, grinding teeth, nail biting, neglecting appearance, procrastination.
COGNITIVE: poor concentration, memory lapse, negative attitude, forgetfulness, confusion, worrying.
EMOTIONAL: nervousness, anxiety, irritability, impatience, sensitivity. |
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Term
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Definition
IE people w/ depression
- even though stressor goes away, the stress level remains high and takes a long time to return to homeostasis.
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Term
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Definition
| The SAME Stressor several times. Person A is not adapting. Person B is. Everytime there is a pop quiz a freaks out just the same as the first time but b feels more prepared because they know what to expect. |
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Term
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Definition
HOLMES & RAHE
Assess life Change
**TAKES frequency and perception into account. |
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Term
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
(HP AXIS) |
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Definition
1. Hypothalamus
2. CRF
3. Pituitary Gland
4. ACTH
5. Adrenal Gland
6. Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
increases energy, decreases immunity. slower than SAM axis. |
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Term
Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis
(SAM) |
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Definition
1. Hypothalamus
2. CRF
3. Adrenal Gland
4. Catecholamines (epinephrine and norephinephrine) |
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Term
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Definition
1928
Coined the terms homeostasis and stress
***Need for homeostasis determined by physiological mechanisms in body. |
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Term
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Definition
Short Term stress - finals
-Need to manage stress to minimize impact on daily functions.
-adaptive for "real" threats to our life.
*muscle tension, increased HR, decreased digestions, increase sweating. |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated bouts of acute stress extended or arousal |
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Term
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Definition
- Response to stimuli is affected by the TYPES of stressor and context.
**Takes CONTEXT into account
**Does not take PERCEPTIONS into account. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Turns OFF the stress response and brings the body back to homeostasis.
-Restores and promotes relaxation
-Diverts and conserves energy to vital systems during fight or flight |
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Term
| Selye and the Stress Response |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Initiated the flight or flight response.
-activated whenever there is even a THOUGHT of potential danger or pain
-increases POWER, SPEED & STRENGTH |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple different stressors throughout the day. up and down on chart. |
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Term
| Chronic Stress and Disease - Direct and Indirect Effects |
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Definition
Direct: physiological changes in the body - SNS activation releases lots of hormones that can damage the body.
Indirect Effects: change in health behaviors like eating habits, sleeping, and exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| FLIGHT! We do not have enough coping resources to fight. |
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Term
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Definition
| Good Stress like babies and graduation |
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Term
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Definition
| Interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interactions among psychological factors, the nervous system and the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
Earliest Theory
-All stimuli trigger same response like a hurricane and a test.
*Does not account for individual difference in response to stressors. |
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Term
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Definition
Released by the HP axis.
Produced for ENERGY. |
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Term
Perceived Stress Scale
(PSS) |
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Definition
Cohen -
Perception of stressful life events
*very general perception of stress |
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Term
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Definition
Chronic stress impairs health.
ALLOSTATIC LOAD |
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Term
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Definition
| FIGHT!! We have enough coping resources and energy to fight. |
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Term
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Definition
| Medium levels of stress motivates you to perform better. Too low/too high levels of stress will decrease performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Studied negative emotional style and symptoms. As the negative days increase, your immune system decreases. People with high negative emotional style report more symptoms of feeling sick |
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Term
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Definition
| Adults with tension and negative mood are 3x more likely to get sick. subjects were injected with cold virus and their mucus was weighed. People with low positive emotional style had an increased number of colds. |
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Term
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Definition
Interleukin-6 Study (IL6)
IL6 is a stress hormone that was measured in caregivers and non caregivers. A wound was created and they measures how long it took to heal comparing caregivers to non caregivers. Caregivers had increased levels of IL6 and took much longer to heal. |
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Term
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Definition
Stress & Aging
Telomeres of caregivers age more rapidly. People with chronic stress have shorter tail lengths on their telomeres. |
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Term
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Definition
Stress affects the HIPPOCAMPUS in 2 ways
1. dendrites of prymidal cells are shorter and don't branch out as much which means decreased synaptic activity.
2. Neruogenesis is decreased. In women, estradiol helps protect their cells and promotes recovery but men do not have this. |
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Term
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Definition
| "youth hormone" opposite of cortisol. It is a cortisol antagonist. As DHEA increases, cortisol decreases. Most common hormone released thorugh the HP axis. |
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Term
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Definition
2 factors for stress to promote disease:
- must have predisposition
-must be exposed to some form of stress to trigger the disposition |
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Term
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Definition
5-HTT Gene: Life Stress & Depresion
Capsi identified a gene in the body that is associated with stress called 5HTT. It is the "stress gene" this is a predisposition to us having stress issues.
Gene with two shorts (SS) have increased risk of depression symptoms but ONLY if they have experienced more stressful life experiences.
-depression symptoms
-suicide
-major depression episodes
-family members report their depression |
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Term
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Definition
| Found that children exposed to mothers stress and depression at infancy and early childhood have higher cortisol levels than those who were none, infancy, or age 5. |
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Term
how social support effects cortisol levels
TURNER-COBB |
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Definition
| women with high support in appraisal (emotional), belonging (feel like you belong to a group) and tangible (material support, if i had to go to ER could i call someone) have lower levels or cortisol than those without. |
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Term
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Definition
Hostility and the Stress Response\
Lab study, men and women into 2 groups. Control or verbally harassed by lab assistant.
*Men that were harassed had higher blood presure and cortisol levels overall. |
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Term
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Definition
| deeply held belief that you can directly impact a situation. perception of control has a profound impact on motivation and health |
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Term
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Definition
opposite of control
faulty notion that you do not have the ability to carry out a specific task |
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Term
| Premature Cognitive Committments |
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Definition
| innacurate belief about ourselves focused on negatives (never good at school, i'm a bad friend, i cant socialize...) |
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Term
| Internal Locus of Control |
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Definition
| we are responsibe for the outcomes of our own actions. ie resources and time to study for test |
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Term
| External Locus of Control |
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Definition
| whatever happens to us in unrelated to our own behavior (beyond our control) |
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Term
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Definition
Confidence
-Belief in our ability to accomplish a goal or change a behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Shock Avoidance Paradigm
the mice that has control over the situation that can avoid shocks has less stress than those who had control but don't anymore. <-- learned helplesness |
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Term
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Definition
| opportunities to make choices among different behaviors (eg traffic jam) |
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Term
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Definition
| interpreting stressors as a threat vs a challenge. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to make choices in response to a stressor (eg changing jobs if you hate where you work) |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to learn information about a stressor (eg learn about your surgery then it isn't as scary) |
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Term
| Weiss's experiments showed that ... |
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Definition
| rats receiving repeated shocks and who had access to a bar of wood were less likely to develop ulcers |
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Term
| Sapolsky's summary of the lit on social support... |
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Definition
| w/in the same family, sig higher glucocortocoid level among stepchildren |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| McEwen is allostatic load |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Selye's theory is a response based model |
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Definition
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