Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence Final Exam
Other Terms
78
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/28/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Dendrites
Definition
Tree like extensions that bring information to the cell body.
Term
Axons
Definition
Take Information away from the cell body.
Term
Neurotransmitters
Definition
chemical released into synapses to communicate with other neurons
Term
Soma
Definition
is where the signals from the dendrites are joined and passed on.
Term
Myelin
Definition
fatty substance surrounding axon that acts as an insulator.
Term
Glial Cell
Definition
Provides nutrients, insulates, and holds neurons in place. Also removes dead neurons.
Term
Settings for Childbirth
Definition
Hospital
Birthing Centers
Home Birth
Term
First Stage of Childbirth
Definition
Dilation of Cervix (12-14 hours)
Term
Second Stage of Childbirth
Definition
Descent and Emergence of Baby (1 to 2 hours)
Term
Third Stage of Childbirth
Definition
Expulsion of the placenta (10 minutes to 1 hour)
Term
Parturition
Definition
Begins about two weeks before delivery.
Uterine and cervical changes occur.
Braxton-Hicks contractions.
Term
Secure Attachment
Definition
baby cries/protests when mother leaves and happily greets her return
Term
Avoidant Attachment
Definition
baby rarely cries when mother leaves and avoids her on return
Term
Ambivalent (resistant) Attachment
Definition
baby becomes anxious before mother leaves, gets upset when she leaves, and ambivalently seeks and resists contact on her return
Term
Disorganized-Disoriented Attachment
Definition
pattern of subtle and difficult to observe behaviors that are contradictory, repetitive, and misdirected
Term
Adrenarche
Definition
Maturing of Adrenal Gland
Term
Gonadarche
Definition
sex organ maturity
Term
Primary Sex Characteristics
Definition
Organs Necessary for Reproduction
Term
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Definition
Breasts of females
Broad Shoulders of Males
Term
Signs of Puberty
Definition
Rapid growth in height and weight
Changes in body proportions and form
Attainment of sexual maturity
Term
Boys adolescent growth spurt
Definition
between 10.5 and 16
Term
Girls adolescent growth spurt
Definition
between 9.5 and 14
Term
How long does the adolescent growth spurt typically last
Definition
About 2 years
Term
Spermarche
Definition
First ejaculation
Term
Menarche
Definition
First menstruation
Term
Gross Motor Skills
Definition
bigger movements - running, jumping
Term
Fine Motor Skills
Definition
smaller movements - grasping something between thumb and forefinger
Term
Haptic Perception
Definition
Ability to acquire information by handling objects rather than just looking at them
Term
Kellogg identified how many basic scribbles?
Definition
Twenty
Term
Scribble is associated with which age?
Definition
Two
Term
Shape and Design stage are associate with which age?
Definition
Three
Term
Pictorial Stage is associated with which age?
Definition
Four and Five
Term
Enuresis
Definition
Bed wetting
Term
Treatments for Enuresis
Definition
Bell or Buzzer or Drug Therapy
Term
Delinquency
Definition
Peaks at age 15 and then declines

Genes influence 40 to 50 percent of variation in antisocial behavior
Term
Teenage Mothers
Definition
Many grew up fatherless
Many have been emotionally/physically/or sexually abused.
Term
Teenage Fathers
Definition
Tend to have limited financial resources and poor academic performance.
Term
What percentage of teenage pregnancies are described as unintended?
Definition
90%
Term
What percentage of teenage pregnancies occur within 6 months of sexual initiation?
Definition
50%
Term
Case Studies
Definition
In-depth information
Flexible
Term
Ethnographic studies
Definition
Describes the pattern of relationships, customs, beliefs, technology, arts, and traditions of a society
Term
Correlational Studies
Definition
Studies the statistical relationship between variables:
Positive
Negative
No Relationship
Term
Experimental Group
Definition
Experiment is being performed
Term
Control Group
Definition
Experiment is not performed on this group. Used to compare results.
Term
Double-Blind Experiment
Definition
Neither the subjects or the person dministering the experiment know who is receiving the real experiment vs the placebo.
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
Something that depends on other factors
Term
Cross-sectional Study
Definition
children of different ages are assessed at one time
Term
Longitudinal Study
Definition
same children are studied more than once, sometimes years apart
Term
Sequential Study
Definition
complex strategy to overcome the drawbacks of longitudinal and cross-sectional
Term
Meta-analysis
Definition
Statistical analysis of multiple studies
Term
Quantitative
Definition
Numbers
Term
Qualitative
Definition
Everything Else
Term
Steps of Scientific Method
Definition
1. Identify a problem
2. Formulate hypotheses
3. Collect data
4. Analyze the data
5. Disseminate findings
Term
Normative
Definition
Normal events that happen to the majority of people (graduation, marriage, school)
Term
Non-normative
Definition
Atypical events that transform a person's life (early death of a parent)
Term
Domains of Development
Definition
Physical
Cognitive
Psycho-social
Term
Physical development
Definition
Growth of body and brain, sensory capacities, and motor skills
Term
Cognitive development
Definition
Mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
Term
Psychosocial development
Definition
Personality, emotions, and social relationships
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
 Tendency to repeat a response that has been reinforced by desirable consequences and suppresses a response that has been punished
Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
 Response to a stimulus is evoked after repeated association with a stimulus that normally elicits a different stimulus
Term
Three Principles of Ethical Dilemmas
Definition
Beneficence
Respect for autonomy
Justice
Term
Ethics of Research
Definition
Right to informed consent, self esteem, privacy and confidentiality, as well as avoidance of deception.
Term
Cephalocaudal Principle
Definition
Growth occurs from head downward.
Term
Proximodistal Principle
Definition
Development occurs from center of body outward.
Term
Germinal Stage
Definition
(Fertilization to 2 Weeks)

Zygote divides, becomes more complex, and is implanted in the wall of the uterus
Term
Embryonic Stage
Definition
(2 to 8 Weeks)

Organs and major body systems-- respiratory, digestive, and nervous--develop rapidly
Term
Fetal Stage
Definition
(8 Weeks to Birth)

Fetus grows rapidly to about 20 times its previous length, and organs and body systems become more complex
Term
APGAR
Definition
Appearance (color)
Pulse (heart rate)
Grimace (reflex irritability)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration (breathing)
Term
Brazleton
Definition
Motor organization

Reflexes

State changes

Attention and interactive capacities

Central nervous system instability
Term
PKU
Definition
test done to see if a newborn has an enzyme needed to use phenylalanine in his or her body
Term
Goodness of Fit
Definition
Match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands and constraints
Term
Functional play
Definition
Begins at infancy, explore functions of things
Term
Constructive Play
Definition
Use of objects to make something
Term
Dramatic Play
Definition
Make Believe
Term
Types of Punishment
Definition
Corporal
Psychological Aggression
Withdrawal of Love
Inductive (reasoning with child)
Term
Instrumental Aggression
Definition
Used to reach a goal
Supporting users have an ad free experience!