Term
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Definition
| an awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings that one is attending to at a given moment. |
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Definition
| A state of awareness consisting of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings that one is focused on at a given moment. |
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Definition
| the ability to focus awareness on a single stimulus to the exclusion of other stimuli, as in the cocktail party phenonemon. |
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| cocktail party phenomenon |
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Definition
| the ability to attend selectively to one person's speech in the midst of competing conversations. |
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Definition
| the ability to distribute one's attention and simultaneously engage in two or more activities. |
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Definition
| a color naming task that demonstrates the automatic nature of highly practived activities |
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Definition
| the tendency for a recently presented word or concept to facilitate or prime, responses in a subsequent situation. |
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Definition
| a condition stemming from damage to the temporal lobes that disrupts the ability to recognize familiar faces |
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Definition
| a condition caused by damage to the bisual cortex in which a person encodes visual information without awareness |
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Definition
| any periodic, mor or less regular fluctuation in a biological organism |
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Definition
| a biological cycle, such as sleeping and waking, that occurs approximately every twenty-four hours. |
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Definition
| a brief episode of sleep that occurs in the midst of a waken activity |
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Definition
| the rapid eye movement stage of sleep associate with dreaming |
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Term
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Definition
| the stages of sleep not accompanied by rapdid eye movements |
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Definition
| a semiconscious dream state in whicha sleeper is aware that he or she is draming |
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Term
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Definition
| a semiconscious dream state in whicha sleeper is aware that he or she is draming |
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Term
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Definition
| accordint to Freud, the conscious dream content that is remembered in the morning. |
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Term
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Definition
| according to Freud, the unconscious censored meaning of a dream. |
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Term
| activation-synthesis theory |
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Definition
| the theory that dreams result from the brains attempt to make sense of random neural signals that fire during sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to fall asleep, stay asleep or get the amount of sleep needed to function during the day. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sleep disorder characterized by irresistible and sudden attacks of REM sleep during the day |
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Term
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Definition
| a disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep and awakens gasping for air. |
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Term
| REM sleep behavior disorder |
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Definition
| a condition in which the skeletal muscles are not paralyzed during REM sleep, enabling a sleeper to act on his or her nighrmares, often violently. |
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Term
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Definition
| attention foucusing procedures in which changes in a persons behavior or mental state are suggested |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which an individual is characteristically responsive to hypnosis |
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Definition
| a suggestion made to a subject in hypnosis to be carried out after the induction session is over |
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Term
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Definition
| a reported tendency for hypnosis subject to forget events that occurred during the induction |
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Term
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Definition
| a term referring to the unsubstaintiated claim that hypnosis can be used to facilitate the retrieval of past memories |
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Definition
| a division of consciousness that permits one part of the mind to operate independently of another part |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical that alters perceptions, thoughts, moods, or behavior |
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Definition
| a hysiological addiction in which a drug is needed to prevent symptoms of withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which drugs are neeeded to maintain a sense of well being or relief from negative emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of depressant drugs that slow down activitiy in the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| a mclass of drugs that excite the central nervous system and energize behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions an cause hallucination |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of highly addictive drugs that depress neural activity and provide tempory relief from pain and anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| scientists who study the behavior of animals in their natural habitat. |
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Term
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Definition
| scientists who study the behavior of animals in their natural habitat. |
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Definition
| a species specific behavior that is built into an animals nervous system and triggered by a specific stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior that results from experience |
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Definition
| the tendency of an organism to become familiar with stimulus as a result of repeated exposure. |
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Definition
| a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate one stimulus with another.(pavlovs) |
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Term
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Definition
| an unlearned response (salvation) to an unconditioned stimulus (food) |
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Term
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Definition
| a stimulus (food) that triggers an unconditoned response (salvation) |
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Term
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Definition
| a neutral stimulus that comes to evoke a classically conditioned response (salvation) |
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Definition
| a learnsed response (salvation) to a classically conditioned stimulus (bell) |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of a learned response to a stimulus thruough the presentation of an unconditioned stimulus (classical conditioning) or reinforcement (operant conditioning) |
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Term
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Definition
| the elimination of a learned repsonse by removal of the unconditioned stimulus or reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| the reemergence of an extinguishe conditioned response after a rest period |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| in classical and operant conditioning, the ability to distinguish between different stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| a law stating that responses followed by positive outcomes are repeated whereas those followed by negative outcomes are not |
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Term
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Definition
| an apparatus invented by B.F. Skinner, used to study the effects of reinforcement on the behavior of laboratory animals |
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Term
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Definition
| an apparatus invented by B.F. Skinner, used to study the effects of reinforcement on the behavior of laboratory animals |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which organisms learn to behave in ways that produce reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| in operant conditioning any stimulus that increases the likelihood of a prior response |
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Term
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Definition
| in operant conditioning, any stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a prior response |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure in which reinforcements are used to gradually guide an animal or person toward a specific behavior |
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Term
| parital reinfocement effect |
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Definition
| the tendency for a schedule of partial reinforcement to strenghten later resistance to extinction |
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Term
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Definition
| a stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| learning that occurs but is not exhibited in performance until ther is an incentive to do so |
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Term
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Definition
| learning that takes place when one observes and models the behavior of others |
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Term
| information-processing model |
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Definition
| a model of memory in which information must pass through discrete stages via the process of attention encoding storage and retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory storage system that records information from the senses for up to threee seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory storage system that holds about seven items for up to twenty secondes before the material is transferred to long term memory or is forgotten |
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Term
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Definition
| a telatively permanent memory storage system that can hold vast amounts of information for many years |
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Term
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Definition
| a fleeting sensory memor for bisual images that lasts only a fraction of a second |
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Term
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Definition
| a brief sensory memory for auditory inplut that lasts only two to three seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of grouping distinct bits of information into larger wholes, or chunks, to increase short term memory capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of sheer repetition to keep information in short term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the term used to describe short term memory as an active workspace where information is accessible for current use |
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Term
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Definition
| a u shape pattern indicating the tendency to recall more items from the beginning and end of a list tha from the middle |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively permanent memory storage sstem that can hold vast amounts of information for many years |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique for transferring information into long term memory by thinking about it in a deeper way |
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Term
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Definition
| stored long term knowledge of learned habits and skill |
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Term
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Definition
| stored long term knowledge of fat about ourselves and the world |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex web of semantic associations that link items in memory such that tretrieving one item triggers the retrieval of others as well |
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Term
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Definition
| an experimental task that requires subjects to decide as quickly as bossible whether a string of letters briefly presented is a word or nonword |
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Term
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Definition
| a portion of the brain in the limbic system that plays a key role in encoding and transferring new information into long term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory disorder characterized by an inability to store new information in long term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory disorder characterized by an inability to retrieve long term memories from the past |
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Term
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Definition
| the types of memory elicited through the conscious retrieval of recollections in response to direct questions |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonconscious recollection of prior experience that is revealed indirectly, by its effects on performance |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of explicit memory task in which a person must reprodue information without the benefit of external cues |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of explicit memory retrieval in which tiems are represented to a person who must determine if they were previously encountered |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle that any stimulus encoded alon with an experience can later jog ones memory of that experience |
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Term
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Definition
| a consistent pattern in which the rate of memory loss for input is steepest right after input is reveived and levels off over time |
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Term
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Definition
| memory aids designed to facilitate the recall of new information |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for previouslyn learned material to disrupt the reacall of new information |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for new information to disrupt the memory of previously learned material |
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Term
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Definition
| preconceptions about persons objects or events that bias the way new information is interpreted and recalled. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to incorporate false postevent information into ones memory of the event itself |
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Term
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Definition
| the recollections people have of their own personal experiences and observations |
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Definition
| highly vivid and enduring memories typically for events that are dramatic and emotional |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability of most people to recall events from before the age of three or four |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to think after an event that we knew advance what was going to happen |
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