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| A research assessment that uses ideas/methods/theories that are already part of the Psychology field. |
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| Refers to the possibility of proving a theory wrong. It doe NOT mean the statement/theory is false then but IF it is false it can be proven through experiment. |
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| Goals of Science (4 of them) |
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1.DESCRIBING behavior
2. EXPLAINING behavior
3. PREDICTING behavior
4. DETERMINING behavior |
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| Research carried out to further understand fundamental principles. |
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| The process of analyzing and critiquing an authors research and scrutinize it by others in the field. |
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| Ideas/Beliefs based on experience. |
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| The least complex explanation for an action subject etc. simplest reason |
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A theory is a forma statement of how concepts are related.
"I have a theory that as IQ increases school achievement increases. |
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| Is to guess/estimate the outcome of relationship of the concepts. |
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| Prediction of how concepts are related; often deduced from the theory. |
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| Research that's goal is to describe characteristics of a population |
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Research where the goal is to explain the relationship between variables i.e. test an hypothesis
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| Studies of difference in the kind of qualitative behavior. |
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| The study of differences in the amount of behavior. |
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| The study of different aged people. |
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| The study of the same participants over time, or at different stages of their life. |
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| Field research (strengths and limitations) |
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| Experiments conducted in the natural setting, e.g., at home. |
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| Laboratory Research (strength/limitations) |
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| Systematic observation of behavior conducted in a controlled setting e.g., Lab |
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| A brief description of a study or experiment, including information on the participants, procedures and results. |
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| Part of the methods section, that describes the chronological sequence of what happened to a participant |
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| A list of all the equipment/apparatus used in the experiment. |
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| This section provides a list of research the authors have mentioned throughout the paper |
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| Provides information about who/what participated in the research. How participants were recruited, and Demographic information e.g., age, gender, race etc., |
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| where we learn whether or not the data supported the research hypothesis |
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| Provides background on the research problem and previous studies related to the research problem. |
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| A response measure that we think will be influenced by our study |
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| The variable in the experiment that is manipulated by the researcher. |
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| These variables act to influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables; it can increase, decrease or reverse the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. |
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Measures of Central Tendency:
Mean
Mode
Median |
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Definition
Mean: The most used measure of central tendency, the arithmetic average.
Mode: This is the most frequently occurring score.
Median: This is the middle score that half the scores exceeded and half fell below. |
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Measures of Variability:
Range
Variance
Standard Deviation |
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Definition
Range: Highest to Lowest score=difference between two scores
Variance: is the squared of the standard deviation
Standard Deviation: This is the measure of the average distance of the score from the mean. |
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| Measure of the correlation between two variables given a value between +1 and -1. |
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| The closer the value is to +1 or -1 the stronger the correlation between the two variables |
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| Direction (positive or negative) |
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| Positive correlation means the variables are directly related, as one increases, so does the other; Negative correlation means that the variables are inversely related, as one increase the other decreases. |
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| Used to generalize the findings of a study to a whole population. |
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| A participant's consent to participate after he or she has given all the infor mation necessary to make the decision. |
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| Being aware of the limitations and biases and taking steps to ensure they do not interfere with the rights of others. |
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| The likeliness that harm or discomfort to the participant is not greater than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. |
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| maximising benefits, make sure that participants are better-off after the study than before. |
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| To inform participants of the purpose of the research/study, particularly if deception is used. |
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| Guarding any information collected so that it is used only for purposes agreed to by the participants and is not disclosed to anyone other than the researchers. |
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Institutional Review Board
The advisory group as to direct any queries to about the ethics of a study. |
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| Inability to link to a specific person. |
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| Borrowing the words or ideas of others without crediting the source. |
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| A probability statement about parameter(s) that is based on a statistic from a sample. |
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