Term
Chapter 1: (3)
Who is considered the founder of Psychology? |
|
Definition
| Wilhelm Wundt founded Psychology. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (3)
When and where was Psychology officially founded? |
|
Definition
Pyschology was founded in 1879 in Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory.
(Leipzig, Germany) |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (3)
What were the two original old schools of Psychology? |
|
Definition
| Structuralism and Functionalism are the two original schools of Psychology. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (4)
What is Structuralism? |
|
Definition
| Structuralism is a subfield of Psychology, and one of the first schools of thought in the subject. It is based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (4)
Who founded Structuralism? |
|
Definition
| Edward Titchner founded Structuralism. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (4)
What is introspection? (according to Structuralists) |
|
Definition
| Introspection is the careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience. Basically, it is the analyzation of one's own thoughts. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (4)
What is Functionalism? |
|
Definition
Functionalism is one of the two main subfields of Psychology, and one of the pioneering schools of thought. It butted heads with Structuralism.
Functionalism is based on the belief that Psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (5)
Who developed Psychoanalysis? |
|
Definition
| Sigmund Freud developed Psychoanalysis. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (6)
Describe Freud's 'Psychoanalytic Theory'. |
|
Definition
| The term 'Psychoanalytic Theory' attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on the unconscious determinants of behavior. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (5)
Describe the Unconscious, according to Freud. |
|
Definition
| The Unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (6)
Who emphasized the importance of sex in influencing a person's decision-making? |
|
Definition
| Sigmund Freud was criticized for emphasizing sex. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (4)
Who was known as a pioneer for Functionalism? |
|
Definition
| William James was known as a pioneer for Functionalism. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (7)
Who founded Behaviorism? |
|
Definition
| John B. Watson founded Behaviorism. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (7)
What is Behaviorism? |
|
Definition
| Behaviorism is a theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (7)
Why did Watson argue so zealously for Behaviorism? |
|
Definition
| To Watson, the power of the scientific method rested on the idea of 'verifiability'. He believed that things should be studied objectively. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (7)
Define Behavior, according to Psychology (Behaviorism specifically). |
|
Definition
| Behavior refers to any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism. Any action by an organism that can be observed. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (7)
What is the issue of 'nature vs. nurture'? |
|
Definition
| 'Nature vs. nurture' is concerned with whether behavior is determined mainly by genetic inheritance ("nature") or by environment and experience ("nurture"). |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (7)
Who was known for their stimulus-response testing involving salivating dogs? |
|
Definition
| Ivan Pavlov was known for his testing with salivating dogs. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (8)
Who claimed that free will is an illusion? |
|
Definition
| B.F. Skinner claimed that free will is an illusion. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (9)
What is Humanism? |
|
Definition
| Humanism is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (9)
What new school of thought was born from the struggle between Behaviorism and Psychoanalytical Theory? |
|
Definition
| Humanism was born from the struggle between Behaviorism and Psychoanalytical Theory. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (9)
Who was known as being 'the most prominent architects of the Humanistic movement'? |
|
Definition
| Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were known as the most important figures of the Humanistic movement. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (11)
What is Applied Psychology? |
|
Definition
| Applied Psychology is the branch of Psychology that is concerned with everyday, practical problems. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (11)
What is Clinical Psychology? |
|
Definition
| Clinical Psychology is the branch of Psychology that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (11)
What major event in US history coincided with a growth in popularity for Clinical Psychologists? |
|
Definition
| World War II coincided with the growth in popularity of Clinical (versus Applied) Psychology. |
|
|
Term
Chapter 1: (17)
What is Psychometrics? |
|
Definition
| Psychometrics is concerned with the meaurement of behavior and capacities, usually through the development of psychological tests. Psychometrics is involved with the design of tests to assess personality, intelligence, and a wide range of abilities. It is also concerned with the development of new techniques for statistical analysis. |
|
|
