Term
| (6.1) Even on the clearest night, some stars cannot be seen by the naked eye because they are below the viewer's _________ threshold. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6.1) If you jump into a cold lake but moments later the water no longer seems so cold, sensory _________ has occurred. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6.1) If you are immobilized in a hospital bed, with no roommate and no TV or radio, and you feel edgy and disoriented, you may be suffering from the effects of _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6.1) During a break from your job in a restaurant, you are so engrossed in a book that you fail to notice the clattering of dishes or orders being called out to the cook. This is an example of _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6.1) In real-life detection tasks, is it better to be a "naysayer" or a "yea-sayer"? |
|
Definition
| Neither; it depends on the consequences of a "miss" or a "false alarm" and the probability of an event occurring. You might want to be a yea-sayer if you are just out the door, you think you hear the phone ringing, and you are expecting a call about a job interview. You might want to be a naysayer if you are just out the door, you think you hear the phone ringing, and you are on your way to a job interview and you don't want to be late. |
|
|
Term
| (6.2) How can two Gestalt principles help explain why you can make out the Big Dipper on a starry night? |
|
Definition
| Proximity of certain stars encourages you to see them as clustered together to form a pattern; closure allows you to "fill in the gaps" and see the contours of a "dipper." |
|
|
Term
| (6.2) TRUE OR FALSE: Binocular cues help us to locate objects that are FAR AWAY. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6.2) Hold one hand about 12 inches away from your face and the other about 6 inches away. (a) Which hand will cast the smaller retinal image? (b) Why don't you perceive that hand as smaller? |
|
Definition
| 3a. The hand that is 12 inches away will cast a smaller retinal image. 3b. Your brain takes the differences in distance into account in estimating size, also, you know how large your hands are. The result is size constancy. |
|
|
Term
| (6.2) From an evolutionary point of view, people are most likely to have a mental module for recognition of (a) flowers, (b) bugs, (c) faces, (d) chocolate, (e) cars. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6.3) Which psychological dimensions of hearing correspond to the intensity, frequency, and complexity of the sound wave? |
|
Definition
| Loudness, Pitch, and Timbre |
|
|
Term
| (6.3) Fred has a nasal voice and Ted has a gravelly voice. Which psychological dimension of hearing describes the difference? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6.3) An extremely loud or sustained noise can permanently damage the _________ of the ear. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During a lecture, a classmate draws your attention to a buzzing fluorescent light that you had not previously noticed. What will happen to your perception of figure and ground? |
|
Definition
| The buzzing sound will become figure and the lecturer's voice will become ground, at least momentarily. |
|
|
Term
(6.4) A. What explanation of each problem is most likely? 1. April always has trouple tasting foods, especially those with subtle flavors. 2. May, a rock musician, does not hear as well as she used to. 3. June has chronic shoulder pain, though the injury that initially caused it seems to have healed. [Hint: Think about the gate-control theory and its revision.] |
|
Definition
A. 1. April may have an impaired sense of smell, possibly due to disease, illness, or cigarette smoking. 2. Hearing impairment has many causes, but in May's case, we might suspect that prolonged exposure to loud music has damaged the hair cells of her cochlea. 3. Nerve fibers that normally close the pain "gate" may have been damaged, or a matrix of cells in the brain may be producing abnormal activity. |
|
|
Term
| (6.4) B. After reading about the scent studies in "Close-up on Research," what further questions might you want to ask? |
|
Definition
| B. Some qeustions to ask: Do other scents also affect behavior, and if so, which ones? (We do not want to oversimplify by assuming that similar results would occur for all scents.) Are pleasant and unpleasant scents equally likely to affect behavior? Would the effects be even stronger if the participants were aware of the scent? Most important. will other research replicate these finding? |
|
|
Term
| (6.4) C. Omitted Question |
|
Definition
|
|
