Term
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Definition
Treatments for psychological disorders that alter
brain functioning with chemical or physical interventions such as
drug therapy, surgery, or electroconvulsive therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
Any of a group of therapies used to treat psychological
disorders that focuses on changing faulty behaviours, thoughts,
perceptions, and emotions that may be associated with specific
disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
A mental health professional whose specialized
training prepares him or her to consider the social context of people’s
problems. |
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Term
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Definition
A member of a religious order who specializes in the
treatment of psychological disorders, often combining spirituality with
practical problem solving. |
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Term
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Definition
An individual who has earned a doctorate in
psychology and whose training is in the assessment and treatment
of psychological problems. |
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Term
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Definition
Psychologist who specializes in providing
guidance in areas such as vocational selections, school problems, drug
abuse, and marital conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
An individual who has obtained an MD degree and also has
completed postdoctoral specialty training in mental and emotional
disorders; a psychiatrist is authorized to prescribe medications for the
treatment of psychological disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
An individual who has earned either a PhD or an MD
degree and has completed postgraduate training in the Freudian
approach to understanding and treating mental disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
The term used by those who take a biomedical approach to the
treatment of psychological problems to describe the person being
treated. |
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Term
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Definition
The term used by clinicians who think of psychological disorders as
problems in living, and not as mental illnesses, to describe those being
treated. |
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Term
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Definition
The movement to treat people with psychological
disorders in the community rather than in psychiatric hospitals. |
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Term
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Definition
The form of psychodynamic therapy developed by Freud;
an intensive, prolonged technique for exploring unconscious
motivations and conflicts in neurotic, anxiety-ridden individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
A technique by which the therapist guides a patient toward
discovering insights between present symptoms and past origins. |
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Term
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Definition
The therapeutic method in which a patient gives a
running account of thoughts, wishes, physical sensations, and mental
images as they occur. |
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Term
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Definition
The process of expressing strongly felt but usually repressed
emotions. |
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Term
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Definition
The inability or unwillingness of a patient in psychoanalysis to
discuss certain ideas, desires, or experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
The psychoanalytic interpretation of dreams used to gain
insight into a person’s unconscious motives or conflicts. |
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Term
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Definition
The process by which a person in psychoanalysis attaches to
a therapist feelings formerly held toward some significant person who
figured into past emotional conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
Circumstances in which a psychoanalyst develops
personal feelings about a client because of perceived similarity of the
client to significant people in the therapist’s life. |
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Term
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Definition
The systematic use of principles of learning to
increase the frequency of desired behaviours and/or decrease the
frequency of problem behaviours. |
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Term
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Definition
A technique used in therapy to substitute a new
response for a maladaptive one by means of conditioning procedures. |
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Term
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Definition
A behavioural technique in which clients are exposed to
the objects or situations that cause them anxiety. |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
A behavioural therapy technique in which a
client is taught to prevent the arousal of anxiety by confronting the
feared stimulus while relaxed. |
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Term
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Definition
A type of behavioural therapy used to treat individuals
attracted to harmful stimuli; an attractive stimulus is paired with a
noxious stimulus in order to elicit a negative reaction to the target
stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
A general treatment strategy involving
changing behaviour by modifying its consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
A form of treatment in which clients observe
models’ desirable behaviours being reinforced. |
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Term
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Definition
A therapeutic technique in which a therapist
demonstrates the desired behaviour and a client is aided, through
supportive encouragement, to imitate the modelled behaviour. |
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Term
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Definition
Procedures used to establish and strengthen basic
skills; as used in social-skills training programs; requires the client to
rehearse a desirable behaviour sequence mentally. |
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Term
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Definition
A type of psychotherapeutic treatment that attempts to
change feelings and behaviours by changing the way a client thinks
about or perceives significant life experiences. |
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Term
| rational-emotive therapy (RET) |
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Definition
A comprehensive system of personality
change based on changing irrational beliefs that cause undesirable,
highly charged emotional reactions such as severe anxiety. |
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Term
| cognitive behavioural therapy |
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Definition
A therapeutic approach that combines the
cognitive emphasis on thoughts and attitudes with the behavioural
emphasis on changing performance. |
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Term
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Definition
The therapy movement that encompasses all
those practices and methods that release the potential of the average
human being for greater levels of performance and greater richness of
experience. |
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Term
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Definition
A humanistic approach to treatment that
emphasizes the healthy psychological growth of the individual based
on the assumption that all people share the basic tendency of human
nature toward self-actualization. |
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Term
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Definition
Therapy that focuses on ways to unite mind and body to
make a person whole. |
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Term
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Definition
The branch of psychology that investigates the
effects of drugs on behaviour. |
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Term
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Definition
A surgical procedure performed on brain tissue to alleviate
a psychological disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
An operation that severs the nerve fibres connecting
the frontal lobes of the brain with the diencephalon especially those
fibres in the thalamic and hypothalamic areas; best known form of
psychosurgery. |
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Term
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Definition
The use of electroconvulsive shock as an
effective treatment for severe depression. |
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Term
| spontaneous-remission effect |
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Definition
The improvement of some mental patients
and clients in psychotherapy without any professional intervention; a
baseline criterion against which the effectiveness of therapies must be
assessed. |
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Term
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Definition
A therapy independent of any specific clinical procedures
that results in client improvement. |
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Term
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Definition
A statistical technique for evaluating hypotheses by providing
a formal mechanism for detecting the general conclusions found in data
from many different experiments. |
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