Term
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Definition
A complex pattern of changes, including physiological arousal,
feelings, cognitive processes, and behavioural reactions, made in
response to a situation perceived to be personally significant. |
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Term
| James–Lange theory of emotion |
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Definition
A peripheral-feedback theory of
emotion stating that an eliciting stimulus triggers a behavioural
response that sends different sensory and motor feedback to the brain
and creates the feeling of a specific emotion. |
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Term
| Cannon–Bard theory of emotion |
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Definition
A theory stating that an emotional
stimulus produces two co-occurring reactions—arousal and experience
of emotion—that do not cause each other. |
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Term
| two-factor theory of emotion |
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Definition
The theory that emotional experiences
arise from autonomic arousal and cognitive appraisal. |
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Term
| cognitive appraisal theory of emotion |
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Definition
A theory stating that the
experience of emotion is the joint effect of physiological arousal and
cognitive appraisal, which serves to determine how an ambiguous
inner state of arousal will be labelled. |
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Term
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Definition
A movement within psychology that applies research
to provide people with the knowledge and skills that allow them to
experience fulfilling lives. |
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Term
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Definition
The pattern of specific and nonspecific responses an organism
makes to stimulus events that disturb its equilibrium and tax or exceed
its ability to cope. |
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Term
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Definition
| An internal or external event or stimulus that induces stress. |
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Term
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Definition
A transient state of arousal with typically clear onset and
offset patterns. |
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Term
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Definition
A sequence of internal activities triggered when
an organism is faced with a threat; prepares the body for combat and
struggle or for running away to safety; recent evidence suggests that the
response is characteristic only of males. |
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Term
| tend-and-befriend response |
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Definition
A response to stressors that is hypothesized
to be typical for females; stressors prompt females to protect their
offspring and join social groups to reduce vulnerability. |
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Term
| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) |
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Definition
The pattern of nonspecific
adaptational physiological mechanisms that occurs in response to
continuing threat by almost any serious stressor. |
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Term
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Definition
Physical disorders aggravated by or primarily
attributable to prolonged emotional stress or other psychological
causes. |
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Term
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Definition
In stress research, the measure of the stress levels
of different types of change experienced during a given period. |
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Term
| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
An anxiety disorder characterized
by the persistent re-experience of traumatic events through distressing
recollections, dreams, hallucinations, or dissociative flashbacks;
develops in response to rape, life-threatening events, severe injury, and
natural disasters. |
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Term
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Definition
The process of dealing with internal or external demands that are
perceived to be threatening or overwhelming. |
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Term
| stress moderator variables |
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Definition
Variables that change the impact of a stressor
on a given type of stress reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
Efforts made in advance of a potentially stressful
event to overcome, reduce, or tolerate the imbalance between perceived
demands and available resources. |
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Term
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Definition
The belief that one has the ability to make a difference
in the course or the consequences of some event or experience; often
helpful in dealing with stressors. |
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Term
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Definition
Resources, including material aid, socioemotional support,
and informational aid, provided by others to help a person cope with
stress. |
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Term
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Definition
The field of psychology devoted to understanding the
ways people stay healthy, the reasons they become ill, and the ways they
respond when they become ill. |
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Term
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Definition
A general condition of soundness and vigour of body and mind;
not simply the absence of illness or injury. |
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Term
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Definition
A Navajo concept referring to harmony, peace of mind, goodness,
ideal family relationships, beauty in arts and crafts, and health of body
and spirit. |
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Term
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Definition
A model of health and illness that suggests links
among the nervous system, the immune system, behavioural styles,
cognitive processing, and environmental domains of health. |
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Term
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Definition
Optimal health, the ability to function fully and actively;
incorporates the physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, social,
and environmental domains of health. |
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Term
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Definition
The development and implementation of general
strategies and specific tactics to eliminate or reduce the risk that people
will become ill. |
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Term
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Definition
Acronym for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a syndrome
caused by a virus that damages the immune system and weakens the
body’s ability to fight infection. |
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Term
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Definition
Human immunodeficiency virus, a virus that attacks white blood
cells (T lymphocytes) in human blood, thereby weakening the
functioning of the immune system; HIV causes AIDS. |
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Term
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Definition
A condition in which muscle tension, cortical
activity, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease and breathing slows. |
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Term
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Definition
A self-regulatory technique by which an individual acquires
voluntary control over nonconscious biological processes. |
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Term
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Definition
The research area that investigates interactions
between psychological processes, such as responses to stress, and the
functions of the immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
A complex pattern of behaviours and emotions
that includes excessive emphasis on competition, aggression, impatience,
and hostility; hostility increases the risk of coronary heart disease. |
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Term
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Definition
As compared to Type A behaviour pattern, a
less competitive, less aggressive, less hostile pattern of behaviour and
emotion. |
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Term
|
Definition
The syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization,
and reduced personal accomplishment, often experienced by workers
in high-stress jobs. |
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