Term
| What a person is currently aware of is his/her: |
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Definition
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Term
| Each sleep cycle is how long? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are ____ successive stages of sleep |
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Definition
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Term
| The stages occur in the order: |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is defined by your awareness that you are dreaming. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three ways you experience this? |
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Definition
-Wake up slowly under a dim light
-Motivate yourself to have a lucid dream
-Keep a dream journal |
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Term
| Drug addiction is associated with: |
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Definition
-Reward
-Tolerance
-Dependence |
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Term
| Withdrawal symptoms are always ____ of the drug induced effects. (give one example) |
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Definition
the opposite
ex.
Alcohol withdrawal = convulsions
Amphetamine withdrawal = tired |
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Term
| What stage of consciousness describes: Drugs, trauma, tiredness |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of consciousness describes: Being anesthetized |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of consciousness describes: Requires focused attention |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of consciousness describes: Daydreaming, little attention required |
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Definition
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Term
| What stage of consciousness describes: Dreaming |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Your awareness that you are dreaming, the awareness correlates with your ability to manipulate the dream. |
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Term
| Describe the factor of drug addiction for: when you need more of the drug over time to reach the same high |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the factor of drug addiction for: when the drug you are ingesting produces a pleasurable effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the factor of drug addiction for: when the drug is so frequently ingested in your body that your nervous system begins to adapt to its presence by counteracting its effects. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol, muscle relaxants, anti-anxiety medications, opiates |
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Definition
| These drugs are Depressants |
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Term
| Increases behavioral activity, makes you feel awake |
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Definition
| These are caused by Stimulants |
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Term
| Too much makes you feel tired and confused |
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Definition
| These are caused by Depressants |
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Term
| Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine |
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Definition
| These drugs are Stimulants |
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Term
| Too much makes you experience unpleasant hallucinations |
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Definition
| These are caused by Hallucinogenics |
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Term
| Decreases behavioral activity, makes you feel relaxed |
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Definition
| These are caused by Depressants. |
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Term
| Can increase or decrease behavioral activity |
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Definition
| These are caused by Hallucinogenics. |
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Term
| Too much makes you feel anxious and confused |
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Definition
| These are caused by Stimulants |
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Term
|
Definition
| These drugs are Hallucinogenics. |
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Term
| Define the following classical conditioning term: CS |
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Definition
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Term
| Define the following classical conditioning term: US |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Define the following classical conditioning term: CR |
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Definition
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Term
| Define the following classical conditioning term: UR |
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Definition
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Term
| The name give to the phase of training where the CS is presented alone |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The name given to the phase of training during which the CS is paired with the US |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When the response appears to return spontaneously after extinction |
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Definition
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Term
| Whenever untrained stimuli do not control the CR |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Whenever untrained stimuli similar to the CS also control the CR |
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Definition
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Term
| What classical conditioning term is demonstrated when Little Timmy refers to all adult males as daddy? |
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Definition
| This is described as Generalization |
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Term
| In John Watson's Little Albert Experiment, the banging noise was paired with the white rat. This process is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| In John Watson's Little Albert Experiment, the banging noise was paired with the white rat. The white rat is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| In John Watson's Little Albert Experiment, the banging noise was paired with the white rat. The banging noise is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Little Albert Experiment, naturally or through previous training the startle reflex was paired with the banging noise. The startle reflex is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Little Albert Experiment, naturally or through previous training the startle reflex was paired with the banging noise. The process of presenting the banging noise without the white rat is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| A variable number of responses must occur before the consequence may be delivered. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A variable duration that must pass before a single response can produce a consequence. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A set number of responses that must occur before the consequences may be delivered. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A set duration that must pass before a single response can produce a consequence. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Desired action is presented after an event |
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Term
|
Definition
| Removal of unpleasant event |
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Term
|
Definition
| consequences lead to an increase in the likelihood that the response will occur again. |
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Term
|
Definition
| consequences lead to an decrease in the likelihood that the response will occur again. |
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Term
| What term is used to describe the following statement: Complementing a woman on her perfume. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Getting a ticket for speeding |
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Definition
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|
Term
| No dinner because you asked grandma "why do old people smell funny" |
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Definition
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|
Term
| No unwanted attention because of hacking noise attention |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is memory? What are its 3 basic components? |
|
Definition
It's the preservation of experiences overtime.
-Encoding
-Storage
-Retrieval |
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Term
| What are the 3 stages of the information processing model? |
|
Definition
-Sensory Registers
-Short Term Memory
-Long Term Memory |
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Term
| Can information be lost at all 3 stages of information processing model? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The process during which you receive input through one of your six sensory systems. |
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Term
| What kind of information is automatically processed? |
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Definition
| Experiences related to the space, duration and frequency of events. Also information extremely well learned. |
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Term
| What kind of information requires effortful processing? What techniques are used to accomplish this? |
|
Definition
Email address/Phone Number/Grocery List
By repeating the information to themselves, rehearsing with attention and effort. |
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Term
| What is the serial position effect? |
|
Definition
| The phenomenon that people are more likely to remember information that appears first and last in a list than information in the middle of the list. |
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Term
| *Does encoding occur for each of your 6 sensory systems? What is your 6th sense? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sensory memory and how long does it last? |
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Definition
The post stimulation experience from an affected sensory organ
It lasts no more than a split second. |
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Term
| What is your working memory? |
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Definition
| Any experience that you actively concentrate on that requires your ATTENTION. |
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Term
| What is your short term memory? What is the capacity (range)? |
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Definition
The brief storage of experiences.
FIVE to NINE items
(7 +/- 2) |
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Term
| What is long term memory? Can information be lost from it? |
|
Definition
This is considered permanent storage.
Yes, however it MAY be there for the rest of your life. |
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Term
| What is the relationship of your hippocampus to memories? |
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Definition
| It helps file and retrieve memories. |
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Term
| What are the two types of memories stored? |
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Definition
| Short term, and Long term |
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Term
| What type of retrieval is used when taking the following test: multiple choice |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of retrieval is used when taking the following test: essay/fill in the blank |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Movement that used the social Darwinism as a model for "cleaning up" the human gene pool by encouraging those with good genes to reproduce, preventing those with bad genes from reproducing. |
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Term
|
Definition
Whatever an intelligence test measures.
Also, the ability to process sensory experiences and the ability to think flexibly with a large information set. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a measure on every task of an intelligence test. |
|
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Term
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Definition
| refers to specific abilities that are present in your behavior. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The ability to think flexibly. Using novel thought patterns to solve unique problems. It is negatively correlated with age. |
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Term
| Crystallized Intelligence |
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Definition
| The recall or recognition of facts and events. Builds up over your lifetime. It is positively correlated with age. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which a person shows a high aptitude for a particular area such as math, drawing, music, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately 3 points per decade. |
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Term
| The SAT and GRE are forms of intelligence tests. |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you assess mental age? |
|
Definition
| IQ = (Mental Age/Actual Age) x 100 |
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Term
| Why was the Binet-Simon test developed and how did it become the Standford-Binet Test? |
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Definition
| It was used as OBJECTIVE measures of children's scholastic skills. It changed when it was revised by the Americans at Standford University. |
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Term
|
Definition
Refers to statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related skills on a test.
Allows the researcher to see if variables share enough in common that they could be summarized with a single label. |
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Term
| What is factor analysis used for? |
|
Definition
The basis of the Intelligence & Personality Tests
Cattel used it by developing the 16 Personality Factor model (16PF Questionnaire) in Trait Approach.
Eysenck's three factor (PEN) solution in Trait Approach.
The basis of Diagnostic and Statistical manual of the American Psychological Association (DSM) |
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|
Term
| Why isn't mental age appropriate to use on adults? |
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Definition
| It is generally not accepted that eighty year olds know twice as much as forty year olds. It reflects an inaccurate understanding of the intelligence concept and should no longer be applied. |
|
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Term
| What are the psychosexual stages? |
|
Definition
-Oral
-Anal
-Phallic
-Latency
-Genital |
|
|
Term
| List the four approaches to personality: |
|
Definition
-Psychodynamic approach:
-Phenomenological approach:
-Social Learning approach:
-Trait approach: |
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|
Term
| What are the defense mechanisms associated with the psychodynamic approach? (give example of each) |
|
Definition
-Repression (A man has a phobia of spiders but cannot remember the first time he was afraid of them)
-Regression (abandon coping strategies and revert to patterns of behavior used earlier in development.)
-Reaction formation (you hate cigarettes, but deeply/secretly love it and no one knows)
-Projection (married guy likes his coworker, and even though he can't tell anyone, all he does is talk about her all day)
-Rationalization ("i will take pencils to work because people always steal pencils there")
-Displacement (you're mad at your boss, so you kick the cat) |
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Term
| Whose theory involves rising through a hierarchy of needs to reach self-actualization? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How many categories are used to categorize mental illness? |
|
Definition
Four categories:
-Statistical Infrequency
-Dysfunction
-Personal distress
-Violation of norms |
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|
Term
| What two general terms are used to describe the intensity of disorders? Define them. |
|
Definition
Neurotic: refers to a disorder that is not severe enough to stop a person from living independently
Psychotic: refers to disorder that is too severe for the person to live independently |
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|
Term
| If your professor had a mental illness would it be neurotic or psychotic? Why? |
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Definition
| Neurotic, because he can still work and have relationships. |
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Term
| What are the five axes of the DSM? |
|
Definition
I. Clinical Disorders
II. Personality disorders and mental retardation
III. General medical condition
IV. Psychosocial and environmental problems
V. Global assessment of functioning |
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|
Term
| Why are personality disorders and mental retardation grouped together? |
|
Definition
| these conditions are considered to be unresponsive to either talk therapy or drug therapy. They are "ego-syntonic" |
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Term
| What are common symptoms of the group of psychological disorders known as schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
Lowered emotional responding
Heightened emotional responding
Flattened affect
major disturbances in perception, language, thought, emotion and behavior. |
|
|
Term
| What is catatonic schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| Marked by motor disturbances (immobility or wild activity) and echo speech (repeating speech of others) |
|
|
Term
| What is schizoaffective disorder? |
|
Definition
| causes both a loss of contact with reality (psychosis) and mood problems. |
|
|
Term
| What is brief psychotic disorder? |
|
Definition
| a period of psychosis whose duration is generally shorter, non re-occurring, and not better accounted for by another condition. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two kinds of mood disorders? |
|
Definition
-Depressive disorder
-Bipolar disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the two kinds of mood disorders? |
|
Definition
-Depressive disorder: may experience a lasting depressed mood without clear trigger.
-Bipolar disorder: people alternate between periods of depression and mania (hyperactivity and poor judgement) |
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|
Term
| What sex is more likely to become depressed? Commit suicide? |
|
Definition
Women more depressed.
Men more suicide. |
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|
Term
| PTSD, OCD, and GAD are examples of _____ disorders. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe generalized anxiety disorder: |
|
Definition
| is characterized by at least six months of fear and worry that is not directed at any particular object or event |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anxiety disorder in which there are repeated attacks of intense fear and anxiety, and a fear of being in places where escape might be difficult, or where help might not be available
ex. fear of open spaces |
|
|
Term
| What is the correlation between our fears and survival? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves persistent, unwatend fearful thoughts or fear of something bad happening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irresistible urges to perform an act or repeated ritual |
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Term
| The same behavior can be the result of different reasoning and different diagnosis. the reason you drink coffee could be the result of sleepiness or social influence. HH Holmes and Jeffrey Dahmer were both serial killers, what was the difference int heir reasoning and diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define Social Psychology: |
|
Definition
| The study of how people interact and influence each other |
|
|
Term
| Explain Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance: |
|
Definition
| Changing your attitude before changing your behavior |
|
|
Term
| What is the foot in the door technique? |
|
Definition
making small commitment first, resulting in the chances of a large commitment later much greater.
ex. car salesman |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of someone making the "fundamental attribution error" |
|
Definition
when something GOOD happens to you, your explanation highlights INTERNAL reasons
"I got a 95% on the exam because I am so smart"
when something BAD happens to you, your explanation highlights EXTERNAL reasons
ex. "I got a 56% in the exam because I have the worst teacher and boring textbook" |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Large groups may reduce the amount of effort put out per person. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you change your behavior or attitude to match that of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you agree to do what you are told to do. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Stanley Milgram study: |
|
Definition
| Milgram arranged for subject to be shocked when making mistakes during a learning experiment. They were not really shocked, but person giving shocks really thought they were shocking them. They were told to continue even when subject asked for experiment to stop. 50% of people continued with shocked treatment. |
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|
Term
| Describe Psychodynamic approach: |
|
Definition
Concept in that the id, ego and superego eternally compete with one another. There is a common core of personality structures which create who we are
ex. Joe currently smokes two packs of cigarettes per day because he unconsciously believes that his mother never loved him (Freud)
ex. Tasha has always dated older men because unconsciously she feels her father never loved her and she is symbolically trying to obtain her father’s love |
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Term
|
Definition
| is based on the immediate experience of the person. Suggests people choose their experiences and have happy lives if they choose things that are in accordance with their basic self. (Rogers) |
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Term
|
Definition
suggests personality develops due to environmental stimulation and thinking.
ex. Mrs. Huang is very patient because she has learned to sit quiet and attentive during long boring speeches her grandfather gives at family get-togethers |
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Term
|
Definition
suggests personality develops due to basic biological factors.
ex. Sharon has always had a talent for understanding people and she eventually became a highly sought after clinical psychologist working with couples in divorce |
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