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Psychology Ch. 9
Learning: Classical/Operant Conditioning, Social Learning
16
Psychology
11th Grade
05/28/2014

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Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
A learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus
Term
Neutral Stimulus
Definition
A stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of the unconditioned response
Term
Unconditioned Stimulus
Definition
An even that elicits a certain predictable response typically without previous training
Term
Unconditioned Response
Definition
A reaction that occurs naturally and automatically when the unconditioned stimulus is presented, in other words, a reflex.
Term
Conditioned Stimulus
Definition
A once-neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training in which it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Term
Conditioned Response
Definition
The learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus.
Term
Generalization
Definition
Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli
Term
Discrimination
Definition
The ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli
Term
Extinction
Definition
The gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
Term
Spontaneous Recovery
Definition
Rest period given following extinction, the CR may reappear when the CS is presented again, but not followed by a UCS. It does not bring it back to it's original strength.
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
Learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in occurrence.
Term
Reinforcement
Definition
Can be defined as a stimulus or event that increases the likelihood that behavior will be repeated.
Term
Primary Reinforcer
Definition
Stimulus that is naturally rewarding such as food or water.
Term
Secondary Reinforcer
Definition
Stimulus such as money that becomes rewarding through its link with a primary reinforcer
Term
Fixed Ratio Schedule
Definition
A pattern of reinforcement in which a specific number of correct responses is required before reinforcement can be obtained.
Term
Variable Ratio Schedule
Definition
Pattern of reinforcement in which an unpredictable number of responses are required before reinforcement can be obtained
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