Term
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Definition
| Transfer of traits from parent to offspring |
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Term
| Describe Polygenic Characteristics |
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Definition
| traits that are influenced by multiple genes |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to learn a new skill |
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Term
| What age is best for potty training? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Environment "Nurture" |
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Definition
| sum of external conditions that affect a person |
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Term
| Describe Congenital Problems |
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Definition
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Term
Describe a Teratogen
two examples |
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Definition
Any substance capable of altering fetal development
drugs and radiation |
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Term
| Describe the Sensitive Periods |
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Definition
| Time when children are more sensitive |
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Term
| Describe two effects of poverty |
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Definition
1. Lack of Nutrition or education
2. Lack of strong parenting |
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Term
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Definition
The limits of hereditary effects.
can only be so smart/not smart |
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Term
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Definition
| The core of a person's personality including actions |
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Term
What is a Developmental level?
3 things that influence it? |
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Definition
current state of development
1. Heredity
2. Environment
3. Own behavior |
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Term
| Describe Social Development |
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Definition
creation of self-awareness
attachment to parents
relationships with others |
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Term
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Definition
| pleasant, reassuring feeling infants get when touching mother |
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Term
| What must occur for optimal development? |
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Definition
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Term
Describe Separation Anxiety
when is this formed? |
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Definition
distress when primary caregiver leaves infant
8-12 months |
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Term
| Describe Secure attachment |
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Definition
when caregiver leaves, infant cries
when caregiver returns, infant clings |
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Term
| Describe insecure-avoidant attachment |
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Definition
caregiver leaves, baby cries
caregiver returns, baby avoids clinging |
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Term
| Describe Insecure-ambivalent attachment |
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Definition
caregive leaves, baby cries
caregiver returns, baby doesn't know to cling or avoid |
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Term
What does attachment increase?
3 things |
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Definition
resiliency
social skills
curiousity |
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Term
Explain effects of not getting attached
3 things |
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Definition
no contact
anxiety
willingness to walk off with strangers |
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Term
| Describe Affectional needs |
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Definition
| desire for love and affection |
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Term
| what are the three types of parenting styles |
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Definition
1. Authoritarian
2. Overly Permissive Parents
3. Authoritative |
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Term
Describe Authoritarian Parenting
and
nature of kids? |
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Definition
Parents have strict rules, expect obedience
kids are obedient but social withdrawn with no curiousity |
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Term
Describe Overly Permissive parenting
and
nature of kids |
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Definition
parents have little expectations, kids free to roam without responbility
kids are immature and dependent |
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Term
Describe Authoritative Parenting
and
nature of kids |
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Definition
Parents balance guidance with love and affection
creates resilient children,
who can bounce back from bad experiences |
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Term
| What are Piaget's Stages? |
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Definition
1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operational
4.Formal Operational |
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Term
|
Definition
| applying what you know to new situations |
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Term
|
Definition
| changing thoughts in your head when you find new information |
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Term
| Describe Piaget's first stage |
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Definition
Sensorimotor
0-2
lack object permanence
-ability to know something is there when you can't see it
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Term
Describe Piaget's Second stage
describe last age in stage |
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Definition
Preoperational
2-7
cannot transform ideas
kids use intuition, not logic
seven is the "age of reason"
kids are egocentric |
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Term
| Describe Piaget's third stage |
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Definition
Concrete Operational
7-11
able to use reverse order
allows for mastery of conservation
uses time, space, numbers, and logic |
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Term
| Describe Piaget's fourth stage |
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Definition
Concrete Operational
11+
can reach full intellectual ability |
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Term
| Describe the Zone of Proximal Development |
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Definition
| close proximity when child reaches end of readiness for guidance to be given |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of adjusting instruction, so beginner can understand |
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